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This presentation was produced by the History department of Temasek Secondary School. Redistribution or reproduction of this resource is prohibited by copyright regulations.

Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

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Page 1: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

This presentation was produced by the History department of Temasek Secondary School. Redistribution or reproduction of this resource is prohibited by copyright regulations.

Page 2: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

How did WWII affect Singapore?

Chapter 6

Page 4: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

In this chapter, you will learn about:

The fall of Singapore

The Japanese Occupation of Singapore

Immediate Post-War Problems

Page 5: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

The Fall of Singapore, 15th February 1942

Click on the picture below to view a short video on the fall of Singapore:

Page 6: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

British Efforts to Defend Singapore

After WWI, Britain was _______________________ and could not maintain a strong naval presence in the Far East.

However, Britain realised that there was a need to defend its empire in the Far East as Japan was building a powerful navy.

Thus, it took several steps to defend Singapore.

‘Main Fleet to

Singapore’ strategy

Building of guns,

airfields and

bunkers

Sending in more troops

Sending in the

battleships

Page 7: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

British Efforts to Defend Singapore

• Britain would send ships from ______________ if there was trouble in Asia

• To maintain the ships, a huge naval base was built in Singapore in 1938

‘Main Fleet to Singapore’ Strategy

Why do you think Singapore was chosen to be the location for the naval base?

Page 8: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

British Efforts to Defend Singapore

• To defend the naval base• 15-inch guns facing the sea were

installed• Military ______________ built in

Tengah and Sembawang• Underground ______________

built in places such as Fort Canning, Labrador and Sembawang

Building of guns, airfields and

bunkers

Why did the British choose to have the guns facing the sea?

Page 9: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

British Efforts to Defend Singapore

• In response to the Japanese invasion of ______________ in 1937 and the Japanese treaty of friendship with Germany and Italy in 1939

• More Indian, British and Australian troops were sent to Singapore in 1941

Sending in more troops

After the signing of the treaty of friendship in 1939, what were Germany, Italy and Japan known as?

Why did Japan set its sights on China and Southeast Asia?

Page 10: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

British Efforts to Defend Singapore

• The battleships HMS ______________ and HMS ______________ arrived in Singapore in 2 December1941

• Britain could not send in more naval and air reinforcements due to its involvement in the war in Europe and North Africa

• Both battleships were sunk by the Japanese on 10 December 1941

Sending in the battleships

Page 11: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

British Failure to Stop the Japanese

“Singapore, mighty fortress

Guardian of the East

The Japanese didn’t think so

They took it in a week”- A British Soldier

- Singapore was regarded as an “impregnable fortress”. Yet, it fell to the Japanese within a week.

Page 12: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

British Failure to Stop the Japanese

Japanese Intelligence Services

British Underestimation of the Japanese

Fatigue and Insufficient Resources

Page 13: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

1. Japanese Intelligence Services

“The Japanese owned lands in Johor and Singapore and observed the construction of the Singapore Naval Base and coastal defences.

The Japanese fishing fleet, which accounted for nearly half of the fish supplied to Singapore, conducted surveys of the Malayan

coastal areas. Japanese photographers, who operated studios in many Malayan towns, took pictures of roads, railways and military

installations. Some Japanese military officers operated incognito, for example, an army colonel worked for six years as a waiter in the

British Officers’ Club.”

How did this help the Japanese during their invasion of Singapore?

Page 14: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

2. British Underestimation of the Japanese

Believed that the Japanese, army, airforce and navy were inferior

However, Imperial Japanese Army had a

large modern airforce and naval fleet

The Japanese ‘Zero’ fighter planes destroyed many British planes, which were old and outdated

Japanese soldiers were better trained in _________________________: they used tanks as well as bicycles

What was one possible reason for British

underestimation of the Japanese?

Page 15: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

3. Fatigue and Insufficient Resources

Fear that there would be a high number of casualties if _____________________ occurred

Supplies of food and water were running low

Men were tired and demoralised

Page 16: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

The Battle of Malaya

As you watch this video, take note of the factors that assisted the Japanese in the Battle of Malaya.

Read your textbook pg 103 for more information.

Page 17: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

The Battle of Malaya, 8 Dec 1941 to 31 January 1942

Factors that assisted the Japanese:

Japanese soldiers were well-trained in ________________

____________

Strong leadership of General

______________

British assumption that any attack

would be from the ______________

British troops were not trained in jungle warfare

Sinking of the battleships gave Japanese naval

supremacy

All British aircrafts had been destroyed or had withdrawn to

Singapore: Japanese had air supremacy.

Japanese were able to disrupt

British ______________

Japanese use of tanks and bicycles

Page 18: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

The Fall of Singapore

Read your textbook pg 104 and identify the key factors that led to the fall of Singapore.

Smart and strategic leadership of

General Yamashita

British defences were moved from

northwest to northeast

Miscommunication within the British

troops

British failure to defend supplies

Demoralised and exhausted British

troops

British fear of losing more men if there was street

fighting

Page 19: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

The Fall of Singapore

Lieutenant-General ______________ signed the surrender agreement with General Tomoyuki Yamashita at 6:10pm on 15 February 1942.

Read the three sources on pg 107 and 108 of your textbook. How

do you think the people of Singapore reacted to the British

surrender?

Page 20: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

The Japanese Occupation

Singapore was renamed ______________, which meant ‘the Light of the South’ or ‘the Radiant South’.

The Japanese Occupation changed the lives of the people in Singapore in several ways.

Prisoners of War

(POWs)

Cruel and harsh

treatmentPropaganda

Food shortage

Anti-Japanese

groups

Page 21: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

Prisoners of War (POWs)

The Japanese interned the British, Australians and Allied Europeans in Singapore, including women and children

“One who has been captured in battle should be beheaded or castrated

at the Emperor’s will.”

– Japanese quote

Based on this quote, how do you think the Japanese

treated the POWs?

Page 22: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

Prisoners of War (POWs)

Before imprisoning the POWs, the Japanese

would make them march publicly in front of the

local population. Why do you think they did this?

Page 23: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

Cruel and Harsh Treatment

The Japanese military police were known as ______________. They kept the local population in a constant state of anxiety and fear.

Even the slightest offence was met with harsh punishment.

Many anti-Japanese suspects were subjected to terrible torture and decapitation at the Kempeitai centre.

Page 24: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

Cruel and Harsh Treatment

Many of the Eurasians were imprisoned or put to death. Some had been members of the

____________________________ and had fought against the Japanese.

The Malays and Indians were not regarded as a threat to Japanese rule. Tried to convince the Malays that Japan would free them

from British rule Tried to convince the Indians that Japan would free India

from the British Anyone who disobeyed or displeased the Japanese would

still be punished

Page 25: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

Cruel and Harsh Treatment

Many Chinese became victims of the Japanese. The Japanese saw the Chinese as a threat to their rule. During Japanese invasion of China in 1937, they met with

strong Chinese resistance, including those from outside China. Thus, they wanted to take revenge.

____________________________was a Kempeitai operation aimed at identifying and eliminating suspected anti-Japanese elements in the Chinese Community. Read more about this infamous operation on pg112 of your textbook.

In what ways did the Chinese in Singapore help China during the Japanese invasion in 1937?

Page 26: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

Propaganda

Refers to actions taken, especially by a government, to influence the way people think by spreading ideas, beliefs and new which are often inaccurate or biased.

The Japanese used propaganda to influence the people in Singapore to be loyal to Japan.

Read your textbook pg 113-114. In what ways did Japanese use propaganda?

Page 27: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

Food Shortage

Singapore’s entrepot trade was disrupted and all available resources were used to support Japan’s war effort.

Food shortage, inflation, malnutrition and diseases

What does the picture on the right depict?

What does inflation mean?

Page 28: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

Anti-Japanese Grous

The people of Singapore resented Japanese rule.

Many anti-Japanese groups were formed. Launched attacks on the Japanese in the Malayan jungle Gathered information on the Japanese and sent it to the

British to organise ______________ activities Went for training overseas to prepare to fight against the

Japanese

Can you name some of the anti-Japanese groups?

Page 30: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

The Japanese Surrender

On ____________________________, Japanese military leaders signed the surrender document in the Municipal Building (now known as City Hall).

Huge crowds gathered to cheer the return of the British.

A short video clip on

the raising of the

British flag at the

Padang after the

Japanese surrender.

Page 31: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

After the British return

A provisional government called the ______________ ______________ ______________ (BMA) took charge of governing Singapore until 1 April 1946.

It faced many immediate post-war problems.

Shortage of water

Disrupted electricity

and telephone services

Shortage of food

Lack of housing

Page 32: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

Addressing the Immediate Post-War Problems

• Japanese__________ were made to repair the water mains

Shortage of water

• Japanese POWs were made to restore electricity, gas and other essential services, such as lighting and telephone

Disrupted electricity

and telephone services

Page 33: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

Addressing the Immediate Post-War Problems

• Cleared the harbour, repaired the docks and built new warehouses so that ships could enter the port to transport and store foodstuffs

• Rationed food given to each person• Opened

____________________________ to sell food at reasonable prices

• Re-established trade links between Singapore and other countries

Shortage of food

• Introduced a law on ______________so landlords could not raise rents and force tenants out

• Constructed ______________ to alleviate housing shortage

Lack of housing

Page 34: Secondary Two History - Chapter Six

Recap Questions

What were the efforts made by the British to defend Singapore?

Why did the British fail to stop the Japanese? What were the factors that helped the Japanese in the

battle for Malaya and Singapore? How did the people in Singapore react to the British

surrender? What was life in Singapore like during the Japanese

Occupation? Why did the Japanese surrender in 1945? What were the immediate post-war problems and how

did the British address them?