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The course aims to simplify the language and nobody should be intimidated by it. help you to feel at ease with the mechanics of English and equip you to deal with it in the classroom and answer student queries. cover the important areas of grammar.

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Page 1: sentence types and verb tenses

The course aims to

simplify the language and nobody should be intimidated by it.

help you to feel at ease with the mechanics of English and equip you to deal with it in the classroom and answer student queries.

cover the important areas of grammar.

Page 2: sentence types and verb tenses

Grammar

The study of the way thesentences of a language

are constructed;morphology and syntax.

Page 3: sentence types and verb tenses

Linguisticsthe study of language,including phonetics,

phonology, morphology,syntax, semantics, and

pragmatics.

Page 4: sentence types and verb tenses

What this session will cover

Sentence Types

Page 5: sentence types and verb tenses
Page 6: sentence types and verb tenses
Page 7: sentence types and verb tenses
Page 8: sentence types and verb tenses
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Page 13: sentence types and verb tenses
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Sentence Types according to structure

Simple & Compound

Sentences

Page 15: sentence types and verb tenses

Rule 1 :

• Simple sentences can be very short, consisting of only one word (a noun) for the subject and one word (a verb) for the predicate.

• The noun is called the simple subject and the verb is the simple predicate.

John laughed.

Simple sentences are independent clauses.

They contain a subject and a predicate.

Page 16: sentence types and verb tenses

Rule 2:

• Simple sentences can be long, although they still consist of one

subject (a noun and modifiers) and one predicate (a verb and other

elements). The noun is called a simple subject, and the verb is the

simple predicate.

The tall, good-looking boy with the curly blond hair laugheduproariously at his best friend’s suggestion.

Simple sentences are independent clauses.

They contain a subject and a predicate.

Page 17: sentence types and verb tenses

1. Three beautiful kittens looked up at me from inside a box of old clothes.

2. At the stroke of midnight, the carriage turned into a large orange pumpkin.

3. The three girls carried back packs filled with books, foods, make-ups and other assorted items.

Exercise : identify the subject and predicate in these simple sentences.

Subject : kittens Predicate : looked

Subject : carriage Predicate : turned

Subject : girls Predicate : carried

Page 18: sentence types and verb tenses

Rule 3 :

• Simple sentences can be declarative or interrogative.

You can shop at the mall on the weekend. (declarative)

Can you shop at the mall on the weekend? (interrogative)

Grading

Simple sentences are independent clauses.

They contain a subject and a predicate.

Page 19: sentence types and verb tenses

1. Who can tell me the answer to the question about the Civil War?

2. Did Mary have time to call her brother this morning?

3. Where in the world did your sister put her purse and car keys?

Exercise : identify the subject and predicate in these simple sentences.

Subject : who Predicate : can tell

Predicate : did haveSubject : Mary

Predicate : did put Subject : sister

Page 20: sentence types and verb tenses

Rule 4 :

Simple sentences can have a verb in any tense (past, present & future).

My friend shops at the mall on the weekend. (present)

My friend shopped at the mall last weekend. (past)

My friend will shop at the mall next weekend. (future)

Q&ASimple sentences are independent clauses.

They contain a subject and a predicate.

Page 21: sentence types and verb tenses

1. Three years ago, my baby sister was born on the first day of January.

2. Most of the times my classmates were wearing heavy clothes in the winter month.

3. The shiny yellow toy was easily caught by the eager puppy.

Exercise : identify the subject and predicate (verb) in these simple sentences.

Subject : sister Predicate : was born

Predicate : were wearingSubject : classmates

Predicate : was caught Subject : toy

Page 22: sentence types and verb tenses

Rule 5 :

Simple sentences can have a compound subject.

Simon and Sally recorded an album that year. (compound subject)

America’s well-known novelist, journalist and editors attended a conference in New York last week. (compound subject)

SummarySimple sentences are independent clauses.

They contain a subject and a predicate.

Page 23: sentence types and verb tenses

1. You and I know the names of these flowers.

2. Frisky squirrels, jewel-like hummingbirds and little wild bunnies were hiding in the garden.

3. Every six weeks or so, her cousins and grade school classmates came over to her house for a little tea party

Exercise : identify the compound subject and predicate in these simple sentences.

Subject : you and I Predicate : know

Predicate : were hidingSubject : frisky squirrels, jewel-like

hummingbirds, little wild bunnies

Predicate : came Subject : cousins, grade school

classmates

Page 24: sentence types and verb tenses

Rule 6 :

Simple sentences can also have compound predicates.

Lily sang, danced and played the violin with passion.

Simple sentences are independent clauses.

They contain a subject and a predicate.

Page 25: sentence types and verb tenses

1. The telephone on the desk rang and rang then suddenly stop ringing.

2. Who’s coming to the party and bringing the ice-cream?

3. The man in the brown raincoat slipped quietly and around the corner and hid in a dark doorway.

Exercise : identify the subject and predicate in these simple sentences.

Subject :

telephone

Predicate : rang, rang and

stop

Predicate : coming, bringingSubject : who

Predicate : slipped and hid Subject : man

Page 26: sentence types and verb tenses

Rule 7 :

Simple sentences can also have both compound subject and compound predicate.

The mashed avocado, minced garlic, vinegar, mayonnaise and olive oil should be blended thoroughly and whipped briefly for a light consistency.

Simple sentences are independent clauses.

They contain a subject and a predicate.

Page 27: sentence types and verb tenses

Compound Sentence

A compound sentence has more than one part that can stand

alone (independent clauses)

Independent clauses are connected by coordinating

conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs or a semi-colon.

Page 28: sentence types and verb tenses

Compound Sentence

We went to London,

and most of us shopped all day .

Subject Verb

Coordinating

Conjunction

Predicate

Verb

Prepositional phrase

Modifying phraseSubject

Page 29: sentence types and verb tenses

Compound Sentences

My parents caught a severe cold; consequently, they had to cancel their vacation.

Some people like basketball; others prefer baseball.

Conjunctive

Adverb

Semi-colon

Page 30: sentence types and verb tenses

Complex Sentence

A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand alone and

another one that cannot

The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the sentence by a

subordinating conjunction

Page 31: sentence types and verb tenses

Complex Sentence

Since we wanted to have

fun,

we went to Magic Planet

yesterday.

PredicateSubject

Subordinating

Conjunction

Part that cannot stand alone

Page 32: sentence types and verb tenses

This type of sentence has more than one part that can stand

alone, and at least one that cannot.

Notice how the different conjunctions link the different parts of

this sentence

Compound-Complex Sentence

Page 33: sentence types and verb tenses

Since we wanted to have fun,

my sister and I went to Magic Planet,

and we played all day.

Subject Predicat

e

Subordinating

Conjunction

Coordinating

Conjunction

Part that cannot stand alone

Compound-Complex Sentence

Page 34: sentence types and verb tenses
Page 35: sentence types and verb tenses

For More Information

Index Sentence Types

http://eslbee.com/sentences.htm

Sentences

http://www.pitt.edu/~atteberr/comp/0150/grammar/sentencetypes.html

Online writing type – sentence types

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/573/02/

Page 36: sentence types and verb tenses

End of first part of slide

We will proceed to the next slide..

Page 37: sentence types and verb tenses

What this session will cover

Verb Tenses

Page 38: sentence types and verb tenses

Timeline

• Draw a timeline of your life. List 8-10 events on the time line.

– Make sure you list your future plan date!

38

Was Born1978

Started School 1983

Traveled to Europe

KU1999

Promoted toHOD 2005

Finishes my PHD

Had my Masters2006

Page 39: sentence types and verb tenses

The Six English Verb TensesThree Simple Tenses Simple continuous

Present – You walk.

I run.

You are walking

I am running.

Past – You Walked

I ran.

You were walking.

I was running.

Future – You will walk.

I will run.

You will be walking.

I will be running.

Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous

Present perfect – you have walked.

I have run.

You have been walking.

I have been running.

Past Perfect – You had walked.

I had run.

You had been walking.

I had been running.

Future Perfect– You will have

walked

I will have run.

You will have been walking.

I will have been running.

Page 40: sentence types and verb tenses

The Simple Present TenseExpresses a habit or often repeated

action. Adverbs of frequency such as, often, seldom, sometimes, never, etc. are used with this tense.

She goes to work everyday.

They always eat lunch together.

On your handout, write one sentence that reflects SIMPLE PRESENT: something you do often, sometimes, never, seldom

Page 41: sentence types and verb tenses

The Simple Present TenseThis tense also expresses general truths

or facts that are timeless.

Snow falls in the December in Minnesota.

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

Page 42: sentence types and verb tenses

The Present ContinuousThis tense is used to describe an action

that is occurring right now (at this moment, today, this year, etc.). The action has begun and is still in progress. It can be occuring now, but is temporary

She is typing a paper for her class.

He can’t talk. He is fixing the sink right now.

Formed by adding Is/are before the verb and –ing to the verb

On your handout, write one sentence that reflects PRESENT CONTINUOUS: something that is occurring right now.

Page 43: sentence types and verb tenses

The Simple PastWe use the simple past to indicate exactly

when an action or event took place in the past.

I visited my sister yesterday.

We went out to dinner last night.

On your handout, write one sentence that reflects SIMPLE PAST: something you did in the past that is now completed (over, done).

Page 44: sentence types and verb tenses

The Simple PastThe simple past is used to describe

actions and/or events that are now completed and no longer true in the present.

I attended MJC in 1998. (I no longer attend MJC.)

I saw a movie every weekend when I was a teenager. (I don’t see movies very much anymore.)

Formed by adding -ed to REGULAR Verbs –see IRREGULAR Verb forms

Page 45: sentence types and verb tenses

The Past ContinuousThe past continuous is often used with

the simple past to show that one action was in progress when another action occurred.

I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.

They were eating dinner when the neighbors stopped by for a visit.

Formed by adding Was/were before the verb and –ing to the verb

Page 46: sentence types and verb tenses

The Past ContinuousThe past continuous is used to talk about

an activity that was in progress at a specific point of time in the past. The emphasis is on the duration of the activity in the past.

I was studying for an exam while my mother was cooking dinner.

We were walking in the park around 7 p.m. last night.

On your handout, write one sentence that reflects PAST CONTINUOUS tense.

Page 47: sentence types and verb tenses

The Present PerfectThe present perfect is used to talk about

an event that began in the past and continues up to the present.

He has lived in Modesto for two years.

(He began living in Modesto two years ago and he still lives there.)

Formed by adding has/have before the verb and –ed to the REGULAR verb

Page 48: sentence types and verb tenses

The Present PerfectThe present perfect is also used to talk

about an event that was completed in the past, but the specific time of the event is not important.

I have seen that movie before.

He has already visited Vietnam.

(Specific dates and times are not mentioned.)

Formed by adding has/have before the verb and –ed to the reugalr verb

On your handout, write one sentence that reflects PRESENT PERFECT tense.

Page 49: sentence types and verb tenses

Simple Past or Present Perfect? 1. I __________ to Mexico in 2002. (go)

2. I __________ deep sea diving a few times (go).

3. The drummer in the band __________ percussions

since he was five. (study)

4. It __________ the jury two hours to reach their

verdict yesterday.

5. Washington, D.C., _____________ the capital of our

country for many years. (be)

went

have gone

has studied

took

has been

Page 50: sentence types and verb tenses

Present Perfect ContinuousThis tense is used to describe the

duration of an action that began in the past and continues into the present.

He has been studying grammar for an hour.

She has been cooking all day.

(He is still studying and she is still cooking.)

Page 51: sentence types and verb tenses

Present Perfect ContinuousThis tense is also used to describe events

that have been in progress recently and are rather temporary.

She has been living in Taiwan for the last two months, but she plans to move soon.

Formed by adding has/have + be verb (been) before the verb and –ing to the verb

Page 52: sentence types and verb tenses

The Past PerfectThis tense describes completed events

that took place in the past before another past event.

The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg.

I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to visit.

had received

had eaten

it hit

my friend stopped by

Formed by adding had before the verb and –edto the REGULAR verb

Page 53: sentence types and verb tenses

Past Perfect ContinuousThis tense is used to emphasize the

duration of an action that was completed before another action or event in the past.

She had been driving around the city for three hours before she finally found the right office.

had been driving she found the right office

Formed by adding had + be verb(been) before the verb and –ingto the verb

Page 54: sentence types and verb tenses

The FutureWill and be + going + to are often used to

describe future actions.

Thomas will graduate in June.

Maria is going to go to Mexico next week.

Page 55: sentence types and verb tenses

The FutureThe simple present and present

continuous are also used to express future time. These are often used used in connection with schedules.

She is meeting a new client at eleven o’clock.

The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.

Page 56: sentence types and verb tenses

The Future ContinuousThis tense is used to describe an event or

action that will occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future.

I will be teaching ESL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.

They will be moving their furniture out of the house by the time you arrive tomorrow.

at 10 a.m. tomorrow

by the time you arrive

Formed by adding [will have]+ing

Page 57: sentence types and verb tenses

The Future PerfectThis tense is used to describe an event or

action that will be completed before another event or time in the future.

We will have finished the exam by the time class ends tomorrow.

will have finished the exam class ends

Page 58: sentence types and verb tenses

Future Perfect ContinuousThis tense describes an action that has

been in progress for a duration of time before another event or time in the future.

By the time he finishes law school, we will have been living in the U.S. for eight years.

finishes law school

will have been living in the U.S. for eight years

Page 59: sentence types and verb tenses

Practicing with sequence

1. The program will continue only after the coughing

and fidgeting __________ . (stop)

2. Because he was poor and unappreciated by the

music world when he died in 1791, Mozart did not

realize the importance his music __________ in the

future. (have)

3. Dad will tell us tonight if he ____________ a new car

next month.

have stopped

would have

will buy

Page 60: sentence types and verb tenses

Practicing with sequence

4. Albert Einstein failed the entrance exam at the

Swiss Federal institute of technology because he

__________________ a very disciplined student.

(be + never)

5. Einstein studied only subjects that he __________ .

(like)

6. Cancer researchers think it’s likely that a cure for

most cancers ____________ found. (be + soon)

had never been

liked

will soon be

Page 61: sentence types and verb tenses

Unnecessary Shifts in Tense

• The customer demanded to see the manager. He was angry because every jacket he tries on has something wrong with it. A button was missing on the first, the lining did not hang properly on the second, and the collar had a stain on the third.

Read this paragraph. Identify the verb tenses. Revise the

paragraph to be a consistent tense.

The customer demanded to see the

manager. He was angry because

every jacket he tries on has something

wrong with it. A button was missing on

the first, the lining did not hang

properly on the second, and the

collar had a stain on the third.

Past tense Present tense

Page 62: sentence types and verb tenses

Correct unnecessary shift

• The customer demanded to see the manager. He was angry because every jacket he tried on had something wrong with it. A button was missing on the first, the lining did not hang properly on the second, and the collar had a stain on the third.

Page 63: sentence types and verb tenses

Correcting Shifts

Charles dickens was a nineteenth-century author

whose work is well known today. One of the reasons

Dickens remained so popular is that so many of his

stories are available not only as books but also as

movies, plays, and television productions.

We all knew from our childhood the famous story of uncle

Scrooge and Tiny Tim.

We often saw a television version of A Christmas Carol at

holiday time.

remains

know

see

Page 64: sentence types and verb tenses

Quick Test

Directions: In the items that follow, choose

the option that corrects an error in the

underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose

“No change is necessary.”

Show me what you

know.

Page 65: sentence types and verb tenses

Item 1

We knew that Charley had hid the cookies in

his bedroom, so we stole his key and searched

in

all the dresser drawers.

A. knowed

B. hidden

C. stealed

D. No change is necessary.

We knew that Charley had hid the cookies in

A B

his bedroom, so we stole his key and searched

in

C

all the dresser drawers.

A. knowed

B. hidden

C. stealed

D. No change is necessary.

We knew that Charley had hidden the cookies

in

A B

his bedroom, so we stole his key and searched

in

C

all the dresser drawers.

A. knowed

B. hiddenC. stealed

D. No change is necessary.

Page 66: sentence types and verb tenses

Item 2

If we had known that you were serving squid

eyeball stew, we would of come for dinner!

A. of came

B. have came

C. have come

D. No change is necessary.

If we had known that you were serving squid

eyeball stew, we would of come for dinner!

A. of came

B. have came

C. have come

D. No change is necessary.

If we had known that you were serving squid

eyeball stew, we would of come for dinner!

A. of came

B. have came

C. have comeD. No change is necessary.

Page 67: sentence types and verb tenses

Item 3

Priscilla use to have a pet parakeet; her

mother’s

story is that the bird escaped and flew away,

but

Priscilla believes that the cat ate it.

A. used

B. flied

C. eaten

D. No change is necessary.

Priscilla use to have a pet parakeet; her

mother’s

A

story is that the bird escaped and flew away,

but

B

Priscilla believes that the cat ate it.

C

A. used

B. flied

C. eaten

D. No change is necessary.

Priscilla used to have a pet parakeet; her

mother’s

A

story is that the bird escaped and flew away,

but

B

Priscilla believes that the cat ate it.

C

A. usedB. flied

C. eaten

D. No change is necessary.

Page 68: sentence types and verb tenses

Item 4

Julissa was soaked during the afternoon

thunderstorm because she had choosed to

walk to school rather than drive.

A. chosen

B. choosen

C. chose

D. No change is necessary.

Julissa was soaked during the afternoon

thunderstorm because she had choosed to

walk to school rather than drive.

A. chosen

B. choosen

C. chose

D. No change is necessary.

Julissa was soaked during the afternoon

thunderstorm because she had choosed to

walk to school rather than drive.

A. chosenB. choosen

C. chose

D. No change is necessary.

Page 69: sentence types and verb tenses

Item 5James brung roses and begged forgiveness,

but

when Rhonda saw that her ex still hadn’t

shaved

his ridiculous mustache, she shut the door in his

face.

A. brought

B. seen

C. shutted

D. No change is necessary.

James brung roses and begged forgiveness,

but

A

when Rhonda saw that her ex still hadn’t

shaved

B

his ridiculous mustache, she shut the door in his

C

face.

A. brought

B. seen

C. shutted

D. No change is necessary.

James brought roses and begged forgiveness,

but

A

when Rhonda saw that her ex still hadn’t

shaved

B

his ridiculous mustache, she shut the door in his

C

face.

A. broughtB. seen

C. shutted

D. No change is necessary.

Page 70: sentence types and verb tenses

Item 6

If Toby had tooken Charlene’s advice, that

bottle of soda wouldn’t have exploded all

over the front of his new white shirt.

A. took

B. tooked

C. taken

D. No change is necessary.

If Toby had tooken Charlene’s advice, that

bottle of soda wouldn’t have exploded all

over the front of his new white shirt.

A. took

B. tooked

C. taken

D. No change is necessary.

If Toby had tooken Charlene’s advice, that

bottle of soda wouldn’t have exploded all

over the front of his new white shirt.

A. took

B. tooked

C. takenD. No change is necessary.

Page 71: sentence types and verb tenses

Item 7

Cooper laid the 10-page paper on Professor

Cook’s desk; he had wrote the last sentence at

2:50 p.m., and then he ran across campus to

deliver the work by the 3 o’clock deadline.

A. layed

B. written

C. run

D. No change is necessary.

Cooper laid the 10-page paper on Professor

A

Cook’s desk; he had wrote the last sentence at

B

2:50 p.m., and then he ran across campus to

C

deliver the work by the 3 o’clock deadline.

A. layed

B. written

C. run

D. No change is necessary.

Cooper laid the 10-page paper on Professor

A

Cook’s desk; he had written the last sentence

at

B

2:50 p.m., and then he ran across campus to

C

deliver the work by the 3 o’clock deadline.

A. layed

B. writtenC. run

D. No change is necessary.

Page 72: sentence types and verb tenses

Item 8

We would have knowen that Dr. Carlson had

moved up the date of the quiz if we attended

her calculus class more frequently.

A. of knowen

B. have known

C. have knew

D. No change is necessary.

We would have knowen that Dr. Carlson had

moved up the date of the quiz if we attended

her calculus class more frequently.

A. of knowen

B. have known

C. have knew

D. No change is necessary.

We would have knowen that Dr. Carlson had

moved up the date of the quiz if we attended

her calculus class more frequently.

A. of knowen

B. have knownC. have knew

D. No change is necessary.

Page 73: sentence types and verb tenses

Item 9

Margaret breaked the cookie and gave half to

the young man stuck in the elevator with her;

they

told stories to pass the time as mechanics

worked on the hydraulics.

A. broke

B. gived

C. telled

D. No change is necessary.

Margaret breaked the cookie and gave half to

A B

the young man stuck in the elevator with her;

they

told stories to pass the time as mechanics

C

worked on the hydraulics.

A. broke

B. gived

C. telled

D. No change is necessary.

Margaret broke the cookie and gave half to

A B

the young man stuck in the elevator with her;

they

told stories to pass the time as mechanics

C

worked on the hydraulics.

A. brokeB. gived

C. telled

D. No change is necessary.

Page 74: sentence types and verb tenses

Item 10

Meredith would have went to the concert, but

Gregory misplaced the tickets, which they still

haven’t found.

A. of went

B. have gone

C. have goed

D. No change is necessary.

Meredith would have went to the concert, but

Gregory misplaced the tickets, which they still

haven’t found.

A. of went

B. have gone

C. have goed

D. No change is necessary.

Meredith would have went to the concert, but

Gregory misplaced the tickets, which they still

haven’t found.

A. of went

B. have goneC. have goed

D. No change is necessary.

Page 75: sentence types and verb tenses

The End.

Don’t let the right verb

form get

away!