Shakespeare and The Shakespeare and The RenaissanceRenaissance

TermsTerms AllegoryAllegory

– Story that teaches a political or religious Story that teaches a political or religious lessonlesson

PoundPound– British unit of moneyBritish unit of money

CourtierCourtier– Member of the Royal Court/ A NobleMember of the Royal Court/ A Noble

The RenaissanceThe Renaissancein Britain and other countriesin Britain and other countries

The word Renaissance The word Renaissance means “Rebirth”.means “Rebirth”.

This time period was a rebirth This time period was a rebirth of society.of society.

When and Where it BeganWhen and Where it Began The Renaissance began in Italy with The Renaissance began in Italy with

the rise of the middle class.the rise of the middle class. It began in approximately 1500. It began in approximately 1500. It spread westward across Europe from It spread westward across Europe from

Italy.Italy. It was based on the culture, creativity, It was based on the culture, creativity,

and education of Greece and Rome.and education of Greece and Rome.– It was the rebirth of scholarship in the It was the rebirth of scholarship in the

classical learning and philosophy.classical learning and philosophy.

AdvancementsAdvancements ScienceScience LiteratureLiterature

– There was more to write about.There was more to write about. MedicineMedicine DramaDrama ExplorationExploration

– Development of CompassDevelopment of Compass– Advancements in AstronomyAdvancements in Astronomy– Columbus Reaching Western HemisphereColumbus Reaching Western Hemisphere

Advancements Cont.Advancements Cont. TradeTrade ArchitectureArchitecture GeographyGeography ReligionReligion ArtArt PhilosophyPhilosophy

England was not part of the England was not part of the early Renaissance because of early Renaissance because of

internal problems, external internal problems, external wars, and its distance from wars, and its distance from

Italy.Italy.

The Printing PressThe Printing Press

William Caxton brought it to EnglandWilliam Caxton brought it to England Set up in London 1476.Set up in London 1476. Printed 26,000 works and editions by Printed 26,000 works and editions by

16401640 It made books affordable.It made books affordable.

– Increased Literacy Rate: By 1530 half of the Increased Literacy Rate: By 1530 half of the British population could read.British population could read.

– Increased amount of education in populationIncreased amount of education in population

Art and LiteratureArt and Literature This is the most important time for This is the most important time for

the arts.the arts. Courtiers wrote for small audiences Courtiers wrote for small audiences

of the educated and noble class.of the educated and noble class. Love Poetry was very popular.Love Poetry was very popular.

Science and ReligionScience and Religion Copernicus discovered that the earth was Copernicus discovered that the earth was

NOT the center of the universe.NOT the center of the universe. This upset traditional religious teachings.This upset traditional religious teachings.

Science and Religion Cont.Science and Religion Cont. The Catholic church has previously split The Catholic church has previously split

into Greek Orthodox and Roman into Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic.Catholic.

The Roman Catholic Church split again The Roman Catholic Church split again with Martin Luther in Germany in 1517 with Martin Luther in Germany in 1517 (Creating the Lutheran Church).(Creating the Lutheran Church).

King Henry VIII broke away from the King Henry VIII broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and created the Roman Catholic Church and created the Anglican Church.Anglican Church.

Queen Elizabeth IQueen Elizabeth I

Parents and FamilyParents and Family

Her father was Henry VIII.Her father was Henry VIII. He was married six timesHe was married six times His wife, Anne Boleyn, was Elizabeth’s His wife, Anne Boleyn, was Elizabeth’s

mother.mother. He had Anne beheaded.He had Anne beheaded. She had an older ½ sister, Mary.She had an older ½ sister, Mary. She had a younger ½ brother, Edward.She had a younger ½ brother, Edward.

Split of the ChurchSplit of the Church

Henry VIII got into an argument with the Henry VIII got into an argument with the Pope because the Pope refused to annul his Pope because the Pope refused to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon (Mary’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon (Mary’s mother).mother).

Henry then changed the national religion Henry then changed the national religion from Catholicism to Protestantism from Catholicism to Protestantism (Anglicans- Episcopalians).(Anglicans- Episcopalians).

He crowned himself head of the Church of He crowned himself head of the Church of England.England.

Heir to the ThroneHeir to the Throne

The Catholic Church thought both daughters The Catholic Church thought both daughters were illegitimate.were illegitimate.– Mary because her mother was previously Mary because her mother was previously

married to Henry VIII’s brother.married to Henry VIII’s brother.– Elizabeth because Henry’s second marriage Elizabeth because Henry’s second marriage

was invalid.was invalid. Edward was therefore thought to be the Edward was therefore thought to be the

child of the first true marriage and child of the first true marriage and succeeded his father.succeeded his father.

EdwardEdward Ruled from age 9 to age 15.Ruled from age 9 to age 15. Was persuaded by advisor, Was persuaded by advisor,

Duke of Northumberland, to Duke of Northumberland, to leave the throne to leave the throne to Northumberland’s daughter-in-Northumberland’s daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Gray.law, Lady Jane Gray.

Excluded Mary and Elizabeth Excluded Mary and Elizabeth on the grounds they were on the grounds they were illegitimate.illegitimate.

MaryMary She was proclaimed Queen at She was proclaimed Queen at

Edward’s death by the Lord Edward’s death by the Lord mayor of London.mayor of London.– Lady Jane was imprisoned and Lady Jane was imprisoned and

sentenced to be beheaded.sentenced to be beheaded. She was Catholic and tried to She was Catholic and tried to

restore the Catholicism her restore the Catholicism her father removed resulting in father removed resulting in turmoil and bloodshed.turmoil and bloodshed.

She mercilessly persecuted She mercilessly persecuted Protestants.Protestants.

She became known as Bloody She became known as Bloody MaryMary

The Family TreeThe Family Tree

Henry VII

Mary Elizabeth Edwards

Elizabeth’s CrownElizabeth’s Crown Elizabeth became Queen at 25 when her sister Elizabeth became Queen at 25 when her sister

died.died. There was a lot of support from the Catholic There was a lot of support from the Catholic

community for the claim of Mary Stuart.community for the claim of Mary Stuart. There were many plots on Elizabeth’s life until There were many plots on Elizabeth’s life until

Mary Stuart was beheaded in 1587.Mary Stuart was beheaded in 1587. She was able to restore order after the religious She was able to restore order after the religious

turmoil.turmoil. She ruled over England, Holland, and parts of She ruled over England, Holland, and parts of

FranceFrance

Issues with SpainIssues with Spain Phillip of Spain hoped to Phillip of Spain hoped to

marry Elizabeth in order to marry Elizabeth in order to unite the two nations.unite the two nations.

Spain was the most Spain was the most powerful nation of the time.powerful nation of the time.

Spain and England had Spain and England had been long-time enemies.been long-time enemies.

When Spanish ships When Spanish ships threatened England, threatened England, Elizabeth sent Hawkins ant Elizabeth sent Hawkins ant Drake to destroy the Drake to destroy the Spanish Armada.Spanish Armada.

Drake also intercepted Drake also intercepted Spanish treasure ships at Spanish treasure ships at sea, and put the gold of sea, and put the gold of South America (stolen by South America (stolen by the Spanish) into the the Spanish) into the British treasury.British treasury.

This helped England to This helped England to gain power on the seas.gain power on the seas.

PersonalityPersonality

Famous for delaying decisions as long as Famous for delaying decisions as long as possible in the hopes that a way would be possible in the hopes that a way would be found out of the difficulty.found out of the difficulty.

Famous for her ability to choose wise Famous for her ability to choose wise advisors and to inspire their loyalty and advisors and to inspire their loyalty and devotion.devotion.

Said to have the body of a weak woman and Said to have the body of a weak woman and a the heart and stomach of a king.a the heart and stomach of a king.

AchievementsAchievements

Supported by the Supported by the middle class.middle class.

Summoned Parliament Summoned Parliament very littlevery little– Only in session 35 Only in session 35

months during her 45 months during her 45 year reign from 1558 to year reign from 1558 to 1603.1603.

SuccessorSuccessor

Elizabeth died Elizabeth died unmarried.unmarried.

Named Mary Stuart’s Named Mary Stuart’s son, James, her son, James, her successor.successor.

King JamesKing James Established the 1Established the 1stst permanent settlement in permanent settlement in

America – Jamestown, VAAmerica – Jamestown, VA Enjoyed the arts.Enjoyed the arts. Persecuted the Protestants because he was Persecuted the Protestants because he was

Catholic.Catholic. Commissioned a new version of the bible-The Commissioned a new version of the bible-The

King James BibleKing James Bible– Completed in 1611Completed in 1611– Influenced prose for generationsInfluenced prose for generations– 50-54 people helped write it.50-54 people helped write it.

King James Cont.King James Cont.

James and his son, CharlesJames and his son, Charles– were unable to maintain religious peace.were unable to maintain religious peace.– Struggled with ParliamentStruggled with Parliament

MoneyMoney Absolute ruleAbsolute rule

Persecuted the PuritansPersecuted the Puritans– Led to the founding of PlymouthLed to the founding of Plymouth

TheatreTheatre

One of Ms. Ross’ favorite One of Ms. Ross’ favorite subjects.subjects.

ActorsActors

Only men could be Only men could be actors.actors.

These men must be These men must be acrobats, dancers, and acrobats, dancers, and duelers.duelers.

They were fined for not They were fined for not going to rehearsals going to rehearsals because they were so because they were so important.important.

The women were The women were played by menplayed by men

How they produced a playHow they produced a play Censorship was done Censorship was done

by a royal servant who by a royal servant who would edit outlines would edit outlines and remove and remove inappropriate things.inappropriate things.

Copies of the script Copies of the script were made by having were made by having a copyist write each a copyist write each part on a separate part on a separate scrollscroll

Advertisements were Advertisements were done with fliers and done with fliers and flags on the theatres.flags on the theatres.

The biggest parts go The biggest parts go the new costumes.the new costumes.

There were no sets There were no sets and only a few props.and only a few props.

There were usually There were usually only six men in the only six men in the acting company and acting company and as many as 20 as many as 20 characters.characters.

AudiencesAudiences There were no There were no

reserve seats.reserve seats. Children stood Children stood

between their between their parent’s knees.parent’s knees.

The audience The audience expected poetry expected poetry and violent, and violent, realistic action.realistic action.

Each play had to Each play had to have a lesson or have a lesson or parents wouldn’t parents wouldn’t let children see it.let children see it.

The audience The audience members were members were from all levels of from all levels of society, including society, including pickpockets.pickpockets.

The Closing of the TheatreThe Closing of the TheatreTheatres were sometimes closed due Theatres were sometimes closed due

to crime and disease.to crime and disease.Complaints were sometimes filed Complaints were sometimes filed

about how ungodly theatres were.about how ungodly theatres were.Plagues suspended operations.Plagues suspended operations.

DramatistsDramatistsThese are the people who wrote the These are the people who wrote the

plays.plays.Charles MarloweCharles Marlowe

The first Elizabethan DramatistThe first Elizabethan DramatistBen JohnsonBen JohnsonWilliam ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare

Queen Elizabeth was Queen Elizabeth was important to theatre important to theatre because she enjoyed because she enjoyed

plays and kept the plays and kept the theatres open.theatres open.

Many of London’s acting Many of London’s acting companies performed companies performed

for her.for her.

How a Play OpenedHow a Play Opened A trumpet would A trumpet would

sound.sound. One actor would One actor would

come on stage and come on stage and deliver a prologue.deliver a prologue.

Things were Things were usually in verse usually in verse because they were because they were easier to easier to memorize.memorize.

The first TheatreThe first Theatre James Burbage built James Burbage built

the first theatre in the first theatre in England.England.

It had five levels.It had five levels. Lowest had trapdoorsLowest had trapdoors Main StageMain Stage BalconyBalcony

There were pulleys There were pulleys under the roof to under the roof to make people fly.make people fly.

There was a loft room There was a loft room for musicians.for musicians.

More people could see More people could see plays.plays.

There was storage and There was storage and protection for costumesprotection for costumes

Actors no longer had to Actors no longer had to share space.share space.

Now actors could Now actors could perform in once place perform in once place instead of traveling.instead of traveling. Actors could marryActors could marry Actors could have Actors could have

childrenchildren

InterludeInterlude

An interlude is a short play An interlude is a short play performed between banquet performed between banquet

courses. This was a new literary courses. This was a new literary form developing during the form developing during the

Renaissance.Renaissance.

William William ShakespeareShakespeare

FamilyFamily His father was John His father was John

Shakespeare.Shakespeare. Mayor of StratfordMayor of Stratford

His mother was Mary ArdenHis mother was Mary Arden Daughter of an affluent Daughter of an affluent

farmerfarmer Most scholars believe he was Most scholars believe he was

born on April 23, 1564. born on April 23, 1564. He had 7 siblings.He had 7 siblings. He saw his first play at age 4 He saw his first play at age 4

when his father arranged for when his father arranged for money from the town funds, money from the town funds, so that everyone could see so that everyone could see the first show free of charge.the first show free of charge.

He married Anne Hathaway at He married Anne Hathaway at age 18age 18

He had three childrenHe had three children Susanna born 1583Susanna born 1583 Hamnet born 1585Hamnet born 1585

His only son who died in His only son who died in 15961596

Judith born 1585Judith born 1585 He died on his birthday at the He died on his birthday at the

age of fifty-two in 1616.age of fifty-two in 1616.

Family TreeFamily Tree

Shakespeare’s CompanyShakespeare’s Company It was Called the It was Called the

Kings Men under Kings Men under King James.King James.

MembersMembers William KempWilliam Kemp

A comic ActorA comic Actor Richard BurbageRichard Burbage

Idol of London TheatreIdol of London Theatre John HemingsJohn Hemings

Business ManagerBusiness Manager Henry CondellHenry Condell

Helped create the 1Helped create the 1stst edition of edition of Shakespeare’s playsShakespeare’s plays

Genres of ShakespeareGenres of Shakespeare HistoryHistory

Most PopularMost Popular He was very knowledgeable in historyHe was very knowledgeable in history Richard III is an exampleRichard III is an example

ComedyComedy Most like realityMost like reality Usually about loveUsually about love Usually involved a clownUsually involved a clown A Midsummer Night’s Dream is an exampleA Midsummer Night’s Dream is an example

TragedyTragedy Usually ended in death for the main characterUsually ended in death for the main character Romeo and Juliet is an example.Romeo and Juliet is an example.

Shakespeare’s WritingsShakespeare’s Writings His first play was Henry His first play was Henry

VI written in 1592.VI written in 1592. He wrote 154 sonnets He wrote 154 sonnets

(poems).(poems). When he became When he became

recognized for his poetry, recognized for his poetry, he stopped writing it.he stopped writing it.

He was no ordinary He was no ordinary writer, he did not do what writer, he did not do what was expected.was expected.

He did the opposite of He did the opposite of what was assumed to be what was assumed to be in the plan.in the plan.

He is called the common He is called the common man’s composer man’s composer because he wrote for the because he wrote for the common people not to common people not to gain status or to entertain gain status or to entertain nobility.nobility.

Basis for Romeo and Basis for Romeo and JulietJuliet

The idea may have The idea may have partly come from his love partly come from his love for Anne Hathaway and for Anne Hathaway and his parent’s objections to his parent’s objections to that marriage.that marriage.

Originated from a poem Originated from a poem by Arthur Brook that was by Arthur Brook that was based on an Italian love based on an Italian love story.story.

Problems for Problems for ShakespeareShakespeare

The early years of his The early years of his theatre were hard theatre were hard because of problems.because of problems. Economic DepressionEconomic Depression Lots of RainLots of Rain Poor HarvestPoor Harvest

Plague of 1592Plague of 1592 Closed theatresClosed theatres Shakespeare had no Shakespeare had no

work, so he began to work, so he began to write poetry.write poetry.

First Purchases after First Purchases after SuccessSuccess

His own theatreHis own theatre Largest home in StratfordLargest home in Stratford His father’s coat of armsHis father’s coat of arms

The GlobeThe Globe

Built by the Chamberlain’s CompanyBuilt by the Chamberlain’s Company

The Globe is a polygonThe Globe is a polygon