Slavery (Ch. 10)

SlaverySlavery

The Union in PerilThe Union in PerilMissouri Compromise, 8.2, Chapter 10Missouri Compromise, 8.2, Chapter 10

The Missouri CompromiseThe Missouri Compromise

As Americans pushed west during As Americans pushed west during Manifest Destiny, Missouri applied to Manifest Destiny, Missouri applied to Congress to become a state in 1819Congress to become a state in 1819

Until 1818: ten free states, ten slave statesUntil 1818: ten free states, ten slave states In 1818, Illinois admitted as a free stateIn 1818, Illinois admitted as a free state MO expected to become new slave state to MO expected to become new slave state to

continue balancecontinue balance

U.S. in 1820U.S. in 1820

When Alabama was admitted as a When Alabama was admitted as a slave state in 1819, Missouri’s fate slave state in 1819, Missouri’s fate became more importantbecame more important

South: “The North is trying to end slavery!”South: “The North is trying to end slavery!” North: “The South is trying to spread North: “The South is trying to spread

slavery!”slavery!”

Thomas Jefferson: “We have the wolf by Thomas Jefferson: “We have the wolf by his ears and we can neither hold him, nor his ears and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go.”safely let him go.”


Congress agrees on the Congress agrees on the Missouri Missouri CompromiseCompromise, 1821, 1821

Maine admitted as free stateMaine admitted as free state Missouri admitted as slave stateMissouri admitted as slave state

Preserves Preserves sectionalsectional balance balance Louisiana Territory split in half at 36 degrees Louisiana Territory split in half at 36 degrees

north latitudenorth latitude Page 223Page 223


Slavery and AbolitionSlavery and Abolition

In the 1820s, antislavery societies In the 1820s, antislavery societies wanted to resettle slaves in Africawanted to resettle slaves in Africa

Based on the belief that African Americans Based on the belief that African Americans were an inferior race that couldn’t coexist were an inferior race that couldn’t coexist with white societywith white society

Most blacks, however, were now native to Most blacks, however, were now native to AmericaAmerica

““We are natives of this country. We only ask that We are natives of this country. We only ask that we be treated as well as foreigners.”we be treated as well as foreigners.”

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison Religious reformerReligious reformer Had his own newspaper, “The Had his own newspaper, “The

Liberator” Liberator” Called for immediate Called for immediate

emancipationemancipation Freeing of slaves with no payment Freeing of slaves with no payment

to slaveholders to slaveholders Founded American Anti-Slavery Founded American Anti-Slavery

Society (1833)Society (1833) Friends with David Walker…Friends with David Walker…

Voices of AbolitionVoices of Abolition

David WalkerDavid Walker Free blackFree black Wanted blacks to fight for freedom Wanted blacks to fight for freedom

rather than wait for slavery to end rather than wait for slavery to end Seen as too radical for manySeen as too radical for many

Condemned the fact that free Condemned the fact that free blacks in the North could only find the blacks in the North could only find the lowest paying jobslowest paying jobs


Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass Born into slaveryBorn into slavery

Lucky in that his owner’s Lucky in that his owner’s wife taught him to read and wife taught him to read and writewrite

Felt that reading/writing Felt that reading/writing was his way to gain was his way to gain freedomfreedom

Escaped in 1838 to New Escaped in 1838 to New YorkYork

Read “The Liberator”Read “The Liberator” Garrison made Douglass a Garrison made Douglass a

lecturer for the American lecturer for the American Anti-Slavery SocietyAnti-Slavery Society

Wanted to end slavery Wanted to end slavery through political meansthrough political means


Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass Began own newspaper Began own newspaper

named “The North Star”named “The North Star” The star that guided The star that guided

runaway slaves to freedomrunaway slaves to freedom In early 1840s, protested In early 1840s, protested

segregated trains by segregated trains by sitting in a car reserved sitting in a car reserved for whitesfor whites

When he refused to leave, When he refused to leave, a group of white men a group of white men pulled the railroad seat out pulled the railroad seat out of the floor of the car, with of the floor of the car, with Douglass still hanging onto Douglass still hanging onto itit


Life Under SlaveryLife Under Slavery

Slavery changed by the Slavery changed by the 1830s1830s

Page 250Page 250 Most lived on large Most lived on large

plantationsplantations Men, women, children worked Men, women, children worked

in fields while the overseer’s in fields while the overseer’s whip forced them to keep whip forced them to keep workingworking

Some worked on small Some worked on small farmsfarms

Labored alongside ownersLabored alongside owners

Urban slaveryUrban slavery Work in mills or on shipsWork in mills or on ships Did not always work for their ownersDid not always work for their owners

More like freedomMore like freedom

Life Under SlaveryLife Under Slavery

RebellionRebellion

Nat Turner’s RebellionNat Turner’s Rebellion Nat Turner was a slave in VirginiaNat Turner was a slave in Virginia Believed that he was supposed to lead Believed that he was supposed to lead

his people to freedomhis people to freedom In 1831, with 80 followers, he attacked In 1831, with 80 followers, he attacked

and killed 60 whitesand killed 60 whites Captured and hanged by state and federal Captured and hanged by state and federal

troopstroops In response, many innocent blacks were In response, many innocent blacks were

killedkilled

Defending SlaveryDefending Slavery

Virginia’s legislature made a motion Virginia’s legislature made a motion to abolish slaveryto abolish slavery

Lost because the legislature was balanced in Lost because the legislature was balanced in favor of eastern slaveholdersfavor of eastern slaveholders

No more question in Virginia on slavery in No more question in Virginia on slavery in the the antebellumantebellum South South

Pre-Civil WarPre-Civil War

Tightened controls on slavesTightened controls on slaves Keep them from preaching, reading/writing, Keep them from preaching, reading/writing,

voting, owning guns, buying alcohol, voting, owning guns, buying alcohol, freedom of assemblyfreedom of assembly

Using the Bible to defend slaveryUsing the Bible to defend slavery Servants should obey their mastersServants should obey their masters

Slavery benefits blacksSlavery benefits blacks Makes them part of a prosperous and Makes them part of a prosperous and

Christian civilizationChristian civilization

Defending SlaveryDefending Slavery

Chapter 10Chapter 10

The Divisive Politics of SlaveryThe Divisive Politics of Slavery

A Nation DividedA Nation Divided

By 1850, the country has By 1850, the country has experienced:experienced:

Economic growthEconomic growth Population growthPopulation growth Expanded bordersExpanded borders Major increase in wealthMajor increase in wealth

NorthNorth:: Saw South as an economic backwater, Saw South as an economic backwater,

immoral slave powerimmoral slave power Saw itself as free labor system that Saw itself as free labor system that

ensured democratic rights of everyoneensured democratic rights of everyone SouthSouth::

Saw itself as the great engine of Saw itself as the great engine of economic growth (cotton)economic growth (cotton)

Slavery was a benefit to an inferior raceSlavery was a benefit to an inferior race


Aided by efforts of abolitionists like Aided by efforts of abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, public opinion in Frederick Douglass, public opinion in the North drifts toward ending the North drifts toward ending slaveryslavery



Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso:: Stated that slavery would be forbidden Stated that slavery would be forbidden

in all territories acquired through war in all territories acquired through war with Mexicowith Mexico

South opposed– “slaves are property”South opposed– “slaves are property” House of Reps approved, but Senate House of Reps approved, but Senate

rejectedrejected Page 306Page 306

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

California takes center stage in the California takes center stage in the slavery issueslavery issue

Admit as a slave or free state?Admit as a slave or free state? Major debate in the SenateMajor debate in the Senate

Calhoun for South, Webster for NorthCalhoun for South, Webster for North Calhoun threatens secessionCalhoun threatens secession Webster’s secession speech (p.308)Webster’s secession speech (p.308)


The Compromise:The Compromise: For the NorthFor the North CA admitted as free CA admitted as free

Popular sovereigntyPopular sovereignty: new territories : new territories will be given the right to vote to be will be given the right to vote to be slave or free slave or free

For the SouthFor the South harsher fugitive harsher fugitive slave laws slave laws

IL Senator Stephen Douglas got the IL Senator Stephen Douglas got the bill passed by pushing the idea of bill passed by pushing the idea of popular sovereignty popular sovereignty


The South’s end of the dealThe South’s end of the deal Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act::

Fugitives not allowed a trial by juryFugitives not allowed a trial by jury Slaveholder’s written statement with description Slaveholder’s written statement with description

of fugitive was all that was needed to send him of fugitive was all that was needed to send him backback

Protest and ResistanceProtest and Resistance

Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin Her characters put a Her characters put a

human face on slavery human face on slavery People can empathize People can empathize

with slaveswith slaves ““So this is the little lady So this is the little lady

who made the big war.” who made the big war.”

Protest and ResistanceProtest and Resistance Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

A secret network of people who would A secret network of people who would hide fugitive slaves as they escaped to hide fugitive slaves as they escaped to the North or Canadathe North or Canada

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad Conductors: guided Conductors: guided

runaways from one safe runaways from one safe hiding place to anotherhiding place to another

Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman

Some compared her to Some compared her to “Moses”“Moses”

Protest and ResistanceProtest and Resistance

Kansas and NebraskaKansas and Nebraska

Question of how to organize the Question of how to organize the Kansas and Nebraska territoriesKansas and Nebraska territories

Senator Stephen Douglas wanted to use Senator Stephen Douglas wanted to use popular sovereignty to determine the status popular sovereignty to determine the status of these new territoriesof these new territories

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854):Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854): Popular sovereignty: let the people of these Popular sovereignty: let the people of these

territories decideterritories decide Majority wins… Ready, set, go!Majority wins… Ready, set, go!

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas

Violent fights erupted between Violent fights erupted between slaveholders and abolitionistsslaveholders and abolitionists

Fighting for control of KansasFighting for control of Kansas

New Political PartiesNew Political Parties

To accommodate the various issues To accommodate the various issues in America:in America:

Free-Soil PartyFree-Soil Party Know-Nothing PartyKnow-Nothing Party

AKA “American Party”AKA “American Party” AKA “Nativist Party”AKA “Nativist Party”

Republican PartyRepublican Party Democratic PartyDemocratic Party

Election of 1860Election of 1860

SecessionSecession

SecessionSecession December 1860, South Carolina is December 1860, South Carolina is

first to secede with a unanimous first to secede with a unanimous decisiondecision

Other states soon followedOther states soon followed Believed the South had no choice but to secede Believed the South had no choice but to secede

and North had no choice but to acceptand North had no choice but to accept

Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis becomes the becomes the president of the new president of the new Confederate States Confederate States of Americaof America

SecessionSecession

The Coming WarThe Coming War

The issues of slavery worked to sever The issues of slavery worked to sever all ties between the North and South all ties between the North and South for 40 yearsfor 40 years

Political compromise was no longer possiblePolitical compromise was no longer possible Both sides were unprepared for the coming Both sides were unprepared for the coming

warwar

Education

Slavery (Ch. 10)