Pecutan Kognitif © Cikgu Hamzah 2009

Science ProcessSkills –

Question No.8Question No.8

Page 10 - 17Page 10 - 17

Kemahiran membinaTable Of Content

“ T. O. C “Untuk memudahkan anda menjawab soalan

B8

What have changed?What is change?

What have changed?What is change?

Page 10Page 10

What is change? What have changed?

Page 10

watered

Not watered

Presence of Water

Fresh plant

Wilted plant

freshness of plant

What is change? What have changed?

Congratulation! Congratulation! TOCTOC have done. have done.

PMR 2008PMR 2008

How to convey the contents @ ideas

MA

S

MA

S

Page 10

1. Manipulated@ respondingresponding @ FixedFixed Variables

………………………. and …………………. Or

………………………. of ……………………….parameterparameter

Features0 ºC

20 cm³

20 cm²

40 ºCTemperature / suhuParameter ?

100 ºC

50 cm³ 100 cm³Volume / isipadu

40 cm²Area / keluasan

1 4 9Number / bilangan

red black whitecolour / warna

bright dimbrightness / kecerahan

0 A0 A 0.2 A0.2 AReading / bacaanReading / bacaan 0.4 A0.4 A

objectobject

Page 10

4. HypothesisHypothesis @ relationshiprelationship @ ConclusionConclusion.

Funny but honey

The ………….., the ……….. , the ………. the …………

The examples of comparative word.The examples of comparative word.

Longer @ shorterLonger @ shorterdarker @ brighterdarker @ brighterbigger @ smallerbigger @ smallerfaster @ slowerfaster @ slower

increase @ decreaseincrease @ decreasemore @ lessmore @ less

higher @ lowerhigher @ lowerrougher @ smootherrougher @ smoother

ComparativeComparativewordword

manipulatedmanipulatedvariablevariable

ComparativeComparativewordword

respondingrespondingvariablevariable

is similar to is similar toHypothesisHypothesis relationshiprelationship ConclusionConclusion

Page 10

5. Observation @ Comparison @ Comparison @ differencedifference

Funny but honey

The ………… (labelled ?) is ……………..than ………………

The examples of comparative word.The examples of comparative word.

Longer @ shorterLonger @ shorterdarker @ brighterdarker @ brighterbigger @ smallerbigger @ smallerfaster @ slowerfaster @ slower

increase @ decreaseincrease @ decreasemore @ lessmore @ less

higher @ lowerhigher @ lowerrougher @ smootherrougher @ smoother

RespondingRespondingVariableVariable

Object 1Object 1((labelled P))

ComparativeComparativewordword

Object 2Object 2(labelled Q)(labelled Q)

is similar to is similar toObservation Observation Comparison Comparison differencedifference

Page 10

7. Inference

Funny but honey

i. …..……………… because ………………….. keranaWhat have changed?

Apa yang berubah?Why it changed?Why it changed?Mengapa berubah?Mengapa berubah?

ii. ……………………. affects …………………………..mempengaruhi

Manipulated variableManipulated variable Responding variableResponding variable

Page 10

8.Operational definition for ………Definisi secara operasi bagi ….

Funny but honey

…..……………… is shown by …………………..ditunjukkan oleh

What to define?RespondingResponding

variablevariable

FunnyFunny but but Honey Honey

What is change? What have changed?

watered

Not watered

Presence of Water

Fresh plant

Wilted plant

freshness of plant

What is change? What have changed?

SSUUCCCECESSSS

lantailantai

TTIIAANNGG DindingDinding

atapatap

Berfikir secara berperingkat-peringkatBerfikir secara berperingkat-peringkat

dijadikan

Yang dapat Membantu semasa Peperiksaan.

Menfaatkan Soalan Anda.

Kemahiran membinaTable Of Content

“ T. O. C “Untuk memudahkan anda menjawab soalan

B8

Develop the skill in making the “ Table Of Contents “Page 12

What is change? What changed?

1.Diagram

2.Table

3.Graph

watered

Not watered

Presence of Water

fresh

wilted

freshness of plant

Under moving fan

Exposed to sunlight

condition

6.6 cm

7.8 cm

Position of the air bubble

Under moving fan

Exposed to sunlight

situation

6.6 cm

7.8 cm

Position of air bubble

What is change? What have changed?

What is change?

What is change?

What have changed?

What have changed?

Page 12

8

6

4

2

0

PMR 2008PMR 2008

What is change? What changed?

Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = Simple Sentence Structure )

(a)(a)InferenceInference

1m

Page 11

Plant Q wilted

……………….because …………………………………….water loses more than water absorb

pokok Q layu………………… kerana ………………………………………..air hilang lebih banyak dari air diserap

…………….…… ….affects…………………………

WhatWhat changedchanged

+ WhyWhyit changedit changed

What have changed?

Kehadiran airKehadiran air mempengaruhi Kesegaran pokokKesegaran pokok

watered

Not watered

Presence of Water

Plant P Fresh

Freshness of plant.

PMR 2008PMR 2008

Manipulated variableManipulated variable Manipulated variableManipulated variable

What is change? What have changed?

Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = Simple Sentence Structure )

(b) i.(b) i.

ManipulatedManipulatedvariablevariable

watered

Not watered

Presence of Water

……………….. and …………………..

Or …………………………………………

1m

1m

Page 11

PMR 2008PMR 2008

Fresh plant

Wilted plant

freshness of plant

What is change? What have changed?

Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = Simple Sentence Structure )

(b) ii.(b) ii.

respondingrespondingvariablevariable

…………….. and …………………..

Or …………………………………………

1m

1m

Fresh /segar

Wilted / layu

Freshness of plant.Kesegaran pokok

Page 11

watered

Not watered

Presence of Water

What is change? What changed?

Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = Simple Sentence Structure )

(b) iii.(b) iii.

fixedfixedvariablevariable

……….. Of …………..

1m

type of tree

Page 11

watered

Not watered

Presence of Water

Fresh plant

Wilted plant

freshness of plant

What is What is similar?similar?samesame

Under moving fan

Exposed to sunlight

condition

6.6 cm

7.8 cm

Position of the air bubble

What have changed?

Page 12Page 13

( d ) (i ) Predict the position of air bubble if the speed of fan is increase .

Ramalkan kedudukan gelembung udara jika kelajuan kipas bertambah.

the position of air bubble

is more than

increasebertambah

Kedudukan gelembung udara lebih dari 6.6 cm

PMR 2008PMR 2008What is change?

Under moving fan

Exposed to sunlight

condition

6.6 cm

7.8 cm

Position of the air bubble

What have changed?

Page 12Page 13

( d ) (ii ) State one hypothesis relating the speed of the fan

And the position of the air bubble . Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang menghubungkait

kelajuan kipas dengan kedudukan gelembung udara.

The ………. the …………….., the ………… the ……………………

speed of the fan

Longer @ shorterLonger @ shorter

bigger @ smallerbigger @ smallerfaster @ slowerfaster @ slower

increase @ decreaseincrease @ decreasemore @ lessmore @ less

higher @ lowerhigher @ lower

ComparativeComparativewordword

manipulatedmanipulatedvariablevariable

ComparativeComparativewordword

respondingrespondingvariablevariable

position of the air bubble

faster higher

PMR 2008PMR 2008What is change?

Under moving fan

Exposed to sunlight

condition

6.6 cm

7.8 cm

Position of the air bubble

What have changed?

Page 13

( e ) Define operationally the “ rate of transpiration “ . Definisikan secara operasi “ kadar transpirasi “.

rate of transpiration

PMR 2008PMR 2008

……………………….. is shown by …………………………..What to define ? responding variable

kadar transpirasi

……………………….. ditunjukkan oleh …………………………..

Apa yg hendak didefinisikan ?Pembolehubah bergblsKedudukan gelembung udara

What is change?

Excellence By Doing © Excellence By Doing © Cikgu HamzahCikgu Hamzah 20092009

Page 14Page 14

dijadikan

Yang dapat Membantu semasa Peperiksaan.

Supaya mendapat ?

sAhAbAt A A A

Kemahiran membinaTable Of Content

“ T. O. C “Untuk memudahkan anda menjawab soalan

B8

Develop the skill in making the “ Table Of Contents “

1.Diagram

2.Table

3.Graph

Page 14Page 14

Worn tyreWorn tyre

Soft surface

rough surface

type of surface

Tyre with thread

worn tyre

Condition of tyre

surface of The glasssurface of The table

Type of surface

4N

6N

Reading ofSpring balance

Type of surface Reading of Spring balance

What is change?

What is change?

What is change?

What have changed?

What have changed?

What have changed?

Manipulated variableManipulated variable Responding variableResponding variable

PP QQ

Page 14Page 14

Worn tyreWorn tyre

Page 15Page 15

(a)State one inference about the surface of tyre. Nyatakan satu inferens mengenai permukaan tayar-tayar itu.

………………………………………………… .because……………………………………………………………….more friction force acted on it.more friction force acted on it.

…………………………..affects ……………………………

What is change? What have changed?

Tyre QTyre Q

What have changed?What have changed?

Why it changed?Why it changed?

Manipulated variableManipulated variable responding variableresponding variable

Soft surface

rough surface

type of surface

Tyre with thread

worn tyre

Condition of tyre

worn

Tyre PTyre P

1m

1m

Worn tyreWorn tyre

( b) i. Based on the table, draw a bar chart to show the reading of spring in the three types of surface. Berdasarkan jadual 8.2, lukisakan carta bar untuk menunjukkan bacaan neraca spring dalam 3 jenis permukaan.

Remark / Catatan.1. Size of Bar – must same size

This answer Will be rejected.

notnot

Please draw the graphPlease draw the graph at page 14at page 14

( c) i. State the manipulated variable involved in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan.

Soft surface

rough surface

type of surface

………………………….. and ………………………..

Or ………………… of ……………….

1m

What is change? What have changed?

Tyre with thread

worn tyre

Condition of tyre

PP QQ

1m

Worn tyreWorn tyre

( c) ii. State the responding variable involved in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah yang bergerakbalas.

Soft surface

rough surface

type of surface

……………………….. and ………………….

Or …… ……………….. Of …………………..1m

What is change? What have changed?

Tyre with thread

worn tyre

Condition of tyre

PP QQ

1m

Worn tyreWorn tyre

( c) iii. State the fixed variable involved in this experiment.

Nyatakan pembolehubah yang dimalarkan.

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………..1m

type of tyre

size of tyre

What is change? What have changed?

Soft surface

rough surface

type of surface

Tyre with thread

worn tyre

Condition of tyre

PP QQ

What is What is similar?similar?samesamesamesame

1m

Worn tyreWorn tyre

surface of the glass

Type of surface

4N

6N Reading of

Spring balance

What is change?

What is change?

What have changed?

What have changed?

4N

6N

Reading of

Spring balance

surface of the glass

surface of the table

Type of surface

(d) i.Predict the reading of spring balance if the surface of table is covered with a grease..

Ramalkan bacaan neraca spring jika permukaan meja disapu gris.

……………………………………………………………………………

is less than

6N

Bacaan neraca spring lebih rendah dari 6 N

reading of spring balancereading of spring balance surface of tablesurface of table

surface of the table

grease

(d) ii. State one hypothesis relating the reading of spring balance and type of surface. Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang menghubungkaitkan antara bacaan neraca spring dengan jenis permukaan.

surface of the glass

surface of the table

type of surface

4

6

Reading of

Spring balance

What is change? What have changed?

The ………. the …………………, the ……….. the ………………..

reading of spring balance type of surface

semakin ………. …………, semakin …… ….……………..kasar

jenis permukaan

tinggi

bacaan neraca spring

Comparative Comparative wordword

Manipulated Manipulated variablevariable

Comparative Comparative wordword

Responding Responding variablevariable

hypothesishypothesis

Longer @ shorterLonger @ shorter

bigger @ smallerbigger @ smallerfaster @ slowerfaster @ slower

increase @ decreaseincrease @ decreaserougher @ smootherrougher @ smoother

higher @ lowerhigher @ lower

rougher

higher

surface of the glass

surface of the table

type of surface

4

6

Reading ofspring balance

What is change? What have changed?

(d) iii. Define operationally “ the friction “ Definasikan secara operasi bagi “ geseran “

………………….. is shown by ……………………………

geseran

………………….ditunjukkan oleh ……………………………bacaan neraca spring

the friction

What to define ? responding variable

(d) iii. Define operationally the ……………………….. Definasikan secara operasi bagi …………………….

………………… is shown by ……………………………

geseran

the friction

reading of spring balance

reading of air bubble

reading of thermometer

reading of ammeter

brightness of bulb volume of water loss

reading of spring balance

(d) iii. Define operationally the ……………………….. Definasikan secara operasi bagi …………………….

………………… is shown by ……………………………

rintangan

the resistance

reading of spring balance

reading of air bubble

reading of thermometer

reading of ammeter

brightness of bulb volume of water loss

reading of spring balance

(d) iii. Define operationally the ……………………….. Definasikan secara operasi bagi …………………….

………………… is shown by ……………………………

penyerapan haba

heat absorbtion

reading of spring balance

reading of air bubble

reading of thermometer

reading of ammeter

brightness of bulb volume of water loss

reading of spring balance

What is change? What have changed?

watered

Not watered

Presence of Water

Fresh plant

Wilted plant

freshness of plant

What is change? What have changed?

SSUUCCCECESSSS

+=

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