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Section A ( Structured Item )
Answer all the questions.
Jawab semua soalan.
1. Figure 1 shows a vernier calipers used to measure the external diameter of a hollow PVC pipe.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan angkup vernier yang digunakan untuk mengukur diameter dalam paip PVC.
Figure 1
Rajah 1
(a) (i) Name the part labeled Y.
Namakan bahagian yang berlabel Y.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b)(ii) What is the function of Y ?
Apakah fungsi Y?
…………………………………………………………………………………......................
[1 mark]
The external diameter of the PVC pipe is measured at four different places, the readings are recorded in the
Table 1.
Diameter dalam paip PVC diukur pada empat tempat yang berbeza,bacaan dicatatkan di dalam Jadual 1.
1
External diameter (cm)
Diameter dalam (cm)
Relative deviation (%)
Sisihan relative ( %)3.25 3.26 3.25 3.28 1.23
Table 1
Jadual 1
(b) Why is the external diameter measured four times ?
Mengapakah diameter dalam diukur sebanyak empat kali?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….............
[1 mark]
(c ) What is the purpose of calculating relative deviation ?
Apakah tujuan pengiraan sisihan relative?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
2. Figure 3 shows a displacement-time graph of a lift moving from the 4th floor to the 7th and goes down again
to the 1st floor.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan graf sesaran-masa bagi pergerakan lif dari tingkat 4 ke tingkat 7 dan turun semula ke
tingkat 1.
Figure 3
Rajah 3
(a) For the interval K to L :
Dari K ke L :
i. What is the type of motion shown by the lift ?
Apakah pergerakan yang ditunjukkan oleh lif tersebut?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
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ii. Give a reason for this type of motion of the lift.
berikan sebab pergerakan lif tersebut?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Calculate the total distance covered by the motion of the lift ?
Hitungkan jumlah jarak bagi pergerakan lif?
[1 mark]
(ii) For the entire motion of the lift shown in Figure 3, calculate the displacement of the lift.
Bagi keseluruhan pergerakan lif yang ditunjukkan pada rajah 3, hitungkan sesaran bagi lif tersebut.
[2 marks]
(c ) What is the difference between distance and displacement ?
Apakah perbezaan antara jarak dan sesaran?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(d) Draw a velocity-time graph for the lift from J to N.
Lukiskan graf halaju-masa bagi lif dari J ke N.
[2 marks]
3
3. Figure 4 shows a man standing on a stationary trolley. He then jumps out of the trolley into a platform.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan seorang lelaki berdiri di atas troli yang pegun. Dia melompat keluar dari troli ke
platform.
Figure 4
Rajah 4
(a) State the physics principle that is involved in the movement of the trolley as the man jump into the
platform.
Nyatakan prinsip fizik yang terlibat dalam pergerakan troli apabila lelaki itu melompat ke platform.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Explain why the trolley moves away from the platform as the man jumps.
Terangkan mengapa troli itu menjauhi platform apabila lelaki itu melompat.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c ) The mass of the man is 60 kg and he jumps at a velocity of 3 m s-1. The mass of the trolley is 20 kg.
Calculate the velocity of the trolley as the man jumps.
Jisim bagi seorang lelaki adalah 60kg dan dia melompat dengan halaju 3 m s-1. Jisim bagi troli pula
adalah 20kg. hitungkan halaju bagi troli apabila dia melompat.
[2 marks]
(c) Name one application of the physics principle stated in (a) in an exploration of outer space.
Namakan satu aplikasi berdasarkan prinsip fizik yang dinyatakan di (a) dalam pengembaraan angkasa
lepas.
.........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
4
4. A student sets up an electric circuit made up of two dry cells, an ammeter , a voltmeter, a rheostat and a
resistance wire R. He adjusts the rheostat to get five sets of reading of the electric current, I and the voltage,
V as shown in Table 4.
Seorang pelajar membina litar elektrik yang terdiri daripada 2 biji sel kering, ammeter, voltmeter, rheostat
dan wayar perintang R. Dia melaraskan rheostat untuk mendapatkan lima bacaan arus elektrik dan voltan,V
seperti jadual 4.
Table 4
Jadual 4
(a) Classify the physical quantities involved in the experiment carried out by the student.
Klasifikasikan kuantiti fizik yang terlibat di dalam eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh pelajar ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
(b) What is the mistake made by the student when recording the values of the voltage in Table 4 ?
Apakah kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh pelajar apabila mencatatkan nilai voltan pada jadual 4?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c ) The student uses an ammeter with two scales i.e. 0 – 1 A and 0 – 5 A as shown in Figure 5.
Pelajar menggunakan ammeter dengan 2 skala, 0 – 1 A dan 0 – 5 A seperti rajah 5.
Figure 5
Rajah 5
(i) Which is the scale suitable to be used by the student ?
Skala yang manakah sesuai digunakan oleh pelajar?
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
5
(ii) Give one reason for the choice made by the student.
Berikan satu sebab pilihan yang dibuat.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(iii) What action should the student take to record the data if the ammeter in Figure 5 is used ?
Apakah tindakan yang perlu diambil oleh pelajar apabila mencatat data ammeter yang digunakan
dalam rajah 5?
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
5. A lorry starts to move from rest and comes to a stop after 50 seconds. The graph of velocity, v, against time,
t, is shown in Figure 7.
Sebuah lori bergerak dari keadaan pegun dan berhenti selepas 50 saat. Graf bagi halaju,v melawan masa,
s adalah seperti rajah 7.
Figure 7
Rajah 7
(a) From the graph, state the type of motion made by the lorry in the time interval of
Daripada graf, nyatakan jenis pergerakan yang dilakukan oleh lori pada sela masa
i. 0 to 15 s.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
ii. 15 s to 30 s
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
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iii. 30 s to 50 s.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(b) What is the resultant force which exists when the lorry moves at the time interval of between 15 s to 30
s.
Apakah daya paduan yang hadir apabila lori bergerak pada sela masa 15 s ke 30 s.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….............
[1 mark]
(c )(i) Determine the force required to produce an acceleration of the lorry in the first 15 seconds if the
mass of the lorry is 1500 kg.
Hitungkan daya yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan pecutan bagi lori pada 15 saat pertama jika
jisim lori itu adalah 1500 kg.
[2 marks]
(ii) Why is it necessary for the engine of the lorry to work at a faster rate when the lorry is accelerating
compared to when it is traveling at constant velocity ?
Mengapakah enjin lori bergerak pantas apabila lori sedang memecut berbanding apabila lori
sedang sedang bergrak dengan halaju yang seragam?
[Assume that frictional force is the only resistant force]
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
6. Figure 8 shows a high jump athlete of mass 62 kg jumping over the bar of height 2.8 m. P, Q, R, S and T in
Figure 8 show the different stages of the jump made by the athlete. The height of the athlete from the level
of bar is 0.14 m.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan seorang atlet lompat tinggi yang berjisim 62 kg melompat pada ketinggian 2.8 m. P,
Q, R, S dan T menunjukkan beberapa peringkat terjunan yang dilakukan. Ketinggian lompatan yang
dilakukan oleh atlet itu adalah 0.14m.
7
Figure 8
Rajah 8
(a) Why is the athlete required to accelerate to a certain velocity at the stage of P to Q before he begins to
jump ?
Mengapakah atlet perlu memecut pada peringkat P ke Q sebelum beliau mula melompat?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(b) i. Calculate the maximum gravitational potential energy of the athlete.
Hitungkan tenaga keupayaan maksima bagi atlet.
[2 marks]
iii. What is the minimum velocity required for the athlete to jump over the bar ?
Apakah halaju minimum yang diperlukan oleh atlet untuk melompat?
[2 marks]
(c )What is the acceleration of the athlete at stage S ?
Apakah halaju atlet pada peringkat S?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c) Why is a rubber mattress placed in the area where the athlete lands ?
Mengapakah alas getah diletakkan pada kawasan pendaratan?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
8
7. A student is required to measure the diameter of a wire and the external diameter of a metal cylinder. The
student is supplied with a micrometer screw gauge and a pair of vernier calipers.
Seorang pelajar mengukur diamaetr wayar dan diameter luar silinder besi. Pelajar tersebut dibekalkan
dengan tolok skru micrometer dan sepasang angkup vernier.
Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2
(a) The student uses the micrometer screw gauge to measure the diameter of the wire. Figure 9.1 shows
the position of the scale when the jaws are closed. When the wire is placed between the jaws of the
micrometer screw gauge, the position of the main scale is as shown in Figure 9.2.
Pelajar tersebut menggunakan tolok skru micrometer untuk mengukur diameter bagi wayar. Rajah 9.1
menunjukkan kedudukan bacaan pada skala. Apabila wayar diukur, kedudukan bacaan adalah seperti
pada rajah 9.2.
(i) What is the zero error reading of the micrometer screw gauge ?
Apakah bacaan ralat sifar pada tolok skru micrometer tersebut?
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the diameter of the wire.
Hitungkan diameter bagi wayar.
[2 marks]
9
(b) The student then uses the vernier calipers to measure the external diameter of the metal cylinder. The
readings taken by the student are shown in Table 5.
Pelajar tersebut menggunakan angkup vernier untuk mengukur diameter luar bagi silinder logam.
Bacaan telah diambil seperti pada jadual 5.
Table 5
Jadual 5
(i) Compare the sensitivity of the micrometer screw gauge with that of the vernier calipers.
Bandingkan sensitiviti tolok skru micrometer dengan angkup vernier.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(ii) Give reasons for your answer for (b) i.
Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (b) i.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(iii) Calculate the relative deviation of the measurement of the external diameter of the metal cylinder.
Hitungkan sisihan relative bagi ukuran diameter luar silinder logam.
[3 mark]
(c ) One precise measurement does not necessarily have a high degree of accuracy. Give a reason for this.
Kepersisan sesuatu ukuran tidak semestinya mempunyai ketepatan yang tinggi. Berikan sebab.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
8. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the length (l) of a string and the
period of oscillation (T) of pendulum. Table 2 shows the readings obtained by the student.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen bagi mengkaji hubungan antara panjang tali (l) dan tempoh
ayunan pendulum (T). jadual 2 menunjukkan bacaan yang diperolehi.
10
Figure 2 Table 2
Rajah 2 Jadual 2
(a) Why is the time for 20 oscillations taken twice ?
Mengapakah masauntuk 20 ayunan diambil dua kali?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) In this experiment, state the :
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan :
(i) manipulated variable [pembolehubah dimanipulasikan]
……………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) responding variable [pembolehubah bergerakbalas]
…………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(iii) fixed variable [pembolehubah dimalarkan]
………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(c )Form a hypothesis for this experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
11
(d) Plot a graph T2 versus l.
Plotkan graf T2 melawan l.
[2 marks]
(e) From the graph plotted, state the relationship between the period and the length of the pendulum.
Daripada graf yang diplotkan, nyatakan hubungan antara tempoh dengan panjang pendulum.
[1 mark]
(f) Find the gradient of the graph.
Cari kecerunan graf.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
12
Using your answer from part (f), determine a value for the gravitational acceleration.
Diberi berdasarkan jawapan anda di bahagian (f), hitungkan nilai pecutan graviti.
[1 mark]
13
(g) Given that
Section B ( Essay Question )
Answer any one question from this section.
9. Figure 11 shows the arrangement of apparatus to determine the external diameter of a metal pipe.
Figure 11
(a) i. What is meant by diameter ? [1 mark]
ii. Explain the function of the wedges used in the set up of the apparatus shown in Figure 11.
[2 marks]
(b) Table 6 shows the characteristics of four instruments of measurement K, L, M and N used for measuring
a base physical quantity.
Instrument for
measuring
Range of
measurement
Sensitivity Smallest
division of
scale
Ability to
measure
internal
diameter
Ability to
measure
external
diameterK A few metres Low 0.1 cm Cannot CannotL Less than 2 cm High 0.01 mm Cannot CannotM Up to 10 metre Average 0.01 cm Can CanN Up to 1 metre Low 0.1 cm Cannot cannot
Table 6
Your are asked to investigatze the characteristics of the instruments of measurement shown in Table 6
which could be used to measure the thickness of a fishing line. Explain the suitability of the
characteristics of each instrument of measurement in Table 6 and hence, determine which instrument is
most suitable to be used measure the thickness of a fishing line. Justify your choice.
[10 marks]
(c ) You are given a piece of copper wire, a glass rod and metre rule.
i. Explain how the diameter of the copper wire can be determined. [4 marks]
ii. A few turns of the copper wire produce a displacement of water of volume 0.5 cm3 when the wire is
placed in water. Estimate the length of the copper wire used it the diameter of the wire is 0.1 mm.
[3 marks]
14
10. Table 7 shows the characteristics of some instruments of measurement P, Q, R and S that are used for
measuring a quantity of length.
Characteristic
Instrument
Smallest division
on the scale
Range of
measurement
Ability to measure diameter Level of
sensitivity
P 0.1 cm A few metres Able, with the help of set squares LowQ 0.01 mm Less than 2 cm Able HighR 0.1 cm Up to 1 m Able, with the help of set squares LowS 0.01 cm Up to 10 cm Able Average
Table 7
(a) What is meant by the smallest division on the scale ? [1 mark]
(b) Based on Table 7, explain the suitability of the characteristics of the instruments for measuring the
internal diameter of a beaker. Determine which instrument is most suitable for measuring the internal
diameter of a beaker. Justify your choice.
[10 marks]
(c ) Explain how a zero error occurs in the instrument you have chosen above and how you can overcome it
while using the instrument.
[5 marks]
(d) You are given a piece of copper wire, an aluminium rod and a metre rule. Explain how you can
determine the diameter of the copper wire.
[4 marks]
Section C ( Essay Question )
Answer all questions from this section.
15
11. A student carries out an experiment to study the relationship between the velocity of a trolley, v and the
height, h. The arrangement of the apparatus is shown as in Figure 10. The height of the trolley when it is on
the runway of the inclined plane is h and the frequency of the ticker timer switched on is 50 Hz.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untu mengkaji hubungan diantara halaju, v troli dan
ketinggian, h. susnan radas adalah seperti dalam rajh 10. Ketinggian troli apabila melaui papan condong
ialahh dan frekuensi bagi jangkamasa detik ialah 50 Hz.
At the beginning of the experiment, the height of the block, h is set at 20.0 cm. The ticker timer is switched
on and the trolley is released. A ten tick part of the ticker tape is chosen from the middle part of the ticker
tape to calculate the velocity of the trolley as shown in Figure 10.1. The length of the 10 tick part is
measured with a metre rule. The experiment is repeated using wooden blocks of height, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50
cm and 60 cm. Pieces of ten ticks from the middle parts of the ticker tape are obtained in all cases and
shown as Figure 10.2, Figure 10.3,Figure 10.4 and Figure 10.5.
Pada permulaan eksperimen,ketinggian blok ditentukan pada 20.0 cm. jangkamasa detik berfunsi dan troli
dilepaskan. Sepuluh detik pada pite detik dipilih dari bahagian tengah pita detik untukmengira halaju bagi
troli seperti yang ditunjukkan pada rajah 10.1. panjang bagi setiap 10 detik diukur dengan menggunakan
pembaris meter. Eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan ketinggian bongkah 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm dan
60 cm. helaian pita detik bagi setiap bahagian digunakan seperti pada rajah 10.2, rajah 10.3, rajah 10.4 dan
rajah 10.5.
(a) Based on the experiment, identify :
Berdasarkan pada eksperimen, nyatakan :
i. the manipulated variable [ pembolehubah dimanipulasikan]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
ii. the responding variable [ pembolehubah bergerakbalas ]
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
16
Figure 10
iii. a constant variable [ pembolehubah dimalarkan ]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Measure the lengths of the ticker tape as shown in Figure 10.1, Figure 10.2, Figure 10.3,Figure 10.4
and Figure 10.5 for different heights of the runway used. For each of your calculations, find the velocity
using the following equation :
Hitungkan panjang pita detik yang ditunjukkan pada rajah 10.1, rajah 10.2, rajah 10.3, rajah 10.4 dan
rajah 10.5 bagi setiap ketinggian laluan yang digunakan. Pada setiap pengiraan, cari halaju dengan
menggunakan persamaan berikut:
length of ticker tape, l [ panjang pita detik, l ]
Velocity, v [ halaju ] =
time for 10 ticks [ masa 10 detik ]
Tabulate your results for h, l an v.
Jadualkan keputusan bagi h, l dan v
17
Figure 10.1 Figure 10.2 Figure 10.3 Figure 10.4 Figure 10.5
[6 marks]
(c ) On a piece of graph paper, plot a graph for v against h.
Pada sehelai kertas graf, plot graf v melawan h.
[1 mark]
(c) Use your graph to state the relationship between v and h.
Berdasarkan graf, nyatakan hubungan antara v dan h.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(d) State one precaution that should be taken into account during the experiment.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil semasa eksperimen dijalankan.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
12. A students carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the length, l , of a simple
pendulum and the period of oscillation, T. The apparatus set-up for this experiment is shown in Diagram 12.
18
The student starts the experiment with a pendulum length of 30.0 cm. The pendulum bob is displaced and then
released so that it oscillates. The time taken, t, for 10 complete oscillations is recorded. The experiment is
repeated with pendulum lengths of, 50.0 cm, 60.0 cm and 70.0 cm.
The corresponding stopwatch readings for 10 complete oscillations are shown in Diagram 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 and
12.4
19
Diagram 12Rajah 12
Diagram 12.1Rajah 12.1
Diagram 12.2Rajah 12.2
Diagram 12.3Rajah 12.3
20
Diagram 12.4Rajah 12.4
(a) For the experiment, identify:
(i) The manipulated variable
………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]
(ii) The responding variable
……………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]
(iii) The constant variable
……………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]
(b) For this part of question, write your answers in the spaces provided in the corresponding Diagrams. Your answers must be correct to two decimal places.
Based on Diagrams 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4
(i) Record the readings, t, of the stopwatch.
[ 2 marks ]
21
(ii) For each value of t in 12(b)(i), calculate the period of oscillation, T, of the pendulum using the following equation:
T = t/10Record the value of T.
[ 1 mark ]
(iii) Calculate T2 for each value of T in 12(b)(ii). Record the value of T2.
[2 marks ]
(c) Tabulate your results for all values of l, T and T2 in the space below.
[ 2 marks ]
(d) On the graph paper on page 24, plot a graph of T2 against l.
22
[ 5 marks ]
(e)Based on your graph in 12(d), state the relationship between T2 and l.
………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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