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PEERS

Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood - by lairadeeXD

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  • 1. PEERS
  • 2. FRIENDSHIP Voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual link.
  • 3. The key elements of friendship for younger children (4 or 5) are that children like each other and enjoy paying together. For older elementary-school children (ages 8-11) mutual liking and shared activities are joined by features that are more psychological in nature: TRUST and LOYALTY New to Adolescence are INTIMACY and LOYALTY
  • 4. FRIENDS Alike in Age, Gender, and Race Treat each other as equals. Alike in attitudes towards school, recreation, drug use, and plans in the future. Children with same and opposite-sex friendships tend to be very well adjusted. Children with only opposite-sex friendships tend to be unpopular, to be less competent academically and socially, and to have lower self-esteem or socially unskilled.
  • 5. QUALITY & CONSEQUENCES OF FRIENDHIPS Children with good friends have Higher Self-Esteem Less likely to be lonely and depressed Cope better with life stresses Less likely to be victimized by peers Have greater self-work as young adults
  • 6. Co-rumination Conversations about ones personal problems, common among adolescent girls. When aggressive children are friends, they often encourage each others aggressive behavior.
  • 7. GROUPS Clique small group of friends who are similar in age, sex, and race Crowd large group including many cliques that have similar attitudes and values Youths from high-status crowds tend to have greater self-esteem than those from low-status crowds.
  • 8. Authoritative Parenting (warm but controlling) Children who become involved with crowds that endorse adults standards of behavior. (ex. Normals, Jocks, Brains) Neglectful/Permissive Parenting children are less likely to identify with adult standards of behavior that dis** adult standards (e.g. Druggies) Dominance Hierarchy ordering of individuals within a group in which group members with lower status differ to those with greater status
  • 9. Peer pressure characterized as an irresistible, harmful force; has negative and positive sides Peer influence is stronger when these conditions are present: Youth are younger and more socially anxious Peers have higher status Peers are friends Standards for appropriate behavior are not clear-cut
  • 10. POPULARITY & REJECTION Popular Children children who are liked by many classmates Rejected Children children who are disliked by many classmates Controversial Children both liked and disliked by classmates Average Children are liked and disliked by some classmates but without the intensity found for popular, rejected, or controversial children Neglected Children are ignored by classmates
  • 11. Peer rejection can be traced to the influences of parents. Banduras social cognitive theory Parents who are friendly and cooperative demonstrate effective social skills for their children. Parents who are belligerent and combative demonstrate tactics that are much less effective.
  • 12. Parents also contribute to their childrens social skills and popularity through their disciplinary practices. Inconsistent discipline associated with antisocial, aggressive behavior Consistent punishment (does not rely on power but it is tied to parental love and affection) promote social skills and popularity
  • 13. AGGRESSIVE CHILDREN & THEIR VICTIMS Instrumental Aggression aggression used to achieve explicit goals Hostile Aggression unprovoked aggression that seems to have the sole goal of intimidating, harassing or humiliating another child Relational Aggression children try to hurt others by undermining their social relationships
  • 14. When children are chronic victims of aggression Lonely Anxious Depressed Dislike school Have low self-esteem
  • 15. ELECTRONIC MEDIA
  • 16. TV Children become more aggressive after viewing violence on television. Help children learn to be more generous and cooperative and have higher self-control Help children learn important academic skills and social skills COMPUTERS
  • 17. UNDERSTANDING OTHERS As children develop more sophisticated cognitive processes cause self-description to become richer, more abstract, and more psychological. Robert Selman as children develop, they become able to take the perspective of other people; Stages of Perspective Taking
  • 18. SELMANS STAGE OF PERSPECTIVE TAKING Stage Approx. Ages Description Undifferentiated 3-6 years Children know that self and others can have different thoughts and feelings but often confuse the two . Socialinformational 4-9 years Children know that perspectives differ because people have access to different information. Self-reflective 7-12 years Children can step into anothers shoes and view themselves as others do: they know that others can do the same. Third-person 10-15 years Children can step outside of the immediate situation to see how they and another person are viewed by a third person. Societal 14 years to adult Adolescents realize that a third-person perspective is influenced by broader personal, social, and cultural contexts.
  • 19. Recursive thinking thoughts that focus on what another person is thinking Prejudice a view of other people, usually negative, that is based on their membership in a specific group
  • 20. Prepared By: LAIRA DEE A. BAROQUILLO BS-PSYCHOLOGY MSU-IIT