Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo NAMES: CRISTINA HERRERA

JHONNA ARROBO

COURSE: 7TH SEMESTER “A “

Spoken Language, oral culture

It refers to howparticipants in take upvarious social roles ina cultural space.

The spoken medium isdirectly linked to thetime of its enunciationand perception of theverbal event

The two very different mediaof speech and writing

Speech and writing

Oral cultures must have

experienced before the

invention of writing

Traces of orality have

remained both in speech

and writing

Characteristics of speech and writing

Speech is transient

rather tan permanent

To understand a message or

conversation the interlocutors

may not speak at the same

time

Writing as a

médium can easlily

lead people

It express is

permanent

Speech is additive, speakers

add connectors like and..

And,then in a conversation

Writing is hierarchically

ordered, the most important

ideas go on the top of a page

according to the cultural

convention

Speech is aggregative use of

verbal aggregates or formulaic

expressions and maintain the

contact between interlocutors

Writing has come to be viewed

as the médium that fosters

analysis, logical reasoning and

abstract categorization

Speech is redundant,

speakers tend to make

frequent use of repetition,

paraphrase

Written language doesn`t

have to make such demands

on short – term memory, it

tends to avoid redundancy

Speech is loosely structured grammatically and is

lexically sparse

• Writing, by contrast is grammatically compact and lexically

dense

Speech is characterized by false starts, filled and

unfilled pauses, hesitations, parenthetic remarks,

unfinished sentences.

Examples

Written

Every previous visit had left me with a sense of the futility of further action on my part

Spoken

“Whenever I´d visited there before, I´d ended up feeling that it would be futile if I tried to do

anything more”

Speech tends to be people centered,

speakers not only focus on their

topic, but try to engage their

listeners as well, and appeal to their

senses and emotions.

Writers of expositiory prose try to make

their messange as clear, unambiguous,

coherent, and trustworthy as possible.

Other written texts apeal to the reader`s

emotions.

Speech, being close to the situation at hand, is

context dependent and based on common

experience.

Spoken and writing languges may

be used in scribbed emo, e- mail

informal letter, academic lecture

scientific presentation scholary

article, and so on

The social structure of a discourse

community is reflected,

constructed and perpetuated by

the members use language to

define their position