PRESENTATION OF S.ST

ON THE TOPIC

SURVIVAL SKILLS

ABOUT SURVIVAL SKILLSSurvival skills are techniques a person may use in a dangerous situation (e.g. natural disasters) to save themselves or others (see also bushcraft). Generally speaking, these techniques are meant to provide the basic necessities for human life:  water , food, shelter, habitat, and the need to think straight, to signal for help, to navigate safely, to avoid unpleasant interactions with animals and plants and for first aid. Survival skills are often basic ideas and abilities that ancient humans had to use for thousands of years, so these skills are partially a reenactment of history.

Many of these skills are the ways to enjoy extended periods of time in remote places, or a way to thrive in nature. Even hiking, backpacking, horseback riding, fishing, hunting, or some other activity, you need to make sure you have the basic wilderness survival skills to handle an emergency situation. Some people use these skills to better appreciate nature and for recreation, not just survival.

SHELTERBefore building a structure you must first consider your situation. Your shelter should be able to protect you from excessive heat/cold, wind, rain, sun, snow, and any weather that is around you. Shelter is mainly for protection and comfort. It can protect against the weather, animals, or insects. It should be relatively comfortable because you must be able to sleep, a basic human need. A shelter can range from a "natural shelter"; such as a cave or a fallen-down (cracked but not split) thickly-foliaged tree, to an intermediate form of man-made shelter such as a debris shelter, a ditch dug next to a tree log and covered with foliage, or a snow cave, to completely man-made structures such as a tarp, tent, or house.

FOOD AND WATERA human being can survive an average of three to five days without the intake of water, assuming sea-level altitude, room temperature and favorable relative humidity. In colder or warmer temperatures, the need for water is greater. The need for water also increases with exercise. A typical person will lose minimally two to maximally four liters of water per day under ordinary conditions, and more in hot, dry, or cold weather. Four to six liters of water or other liquids are generally required each day in the wilderness to avoid dehydration and to keep the body functioning properly.  The U.S. Army survival manual recommends that you drink water whenever thirsty.  Other groups recommend rationing water through "water discipline". A lack of water causes dehydration, which may result in lethargy, headaches, dizziness, confusion, and eventually death. Even mild dehydration reduces endurance and impairs concentration, which is dangerous in a survival situation where clear thinking is essential. Dark yellow or brown urine is a diagnostic indicator of dehydration. To avoid dehydration, a high priority is typically assigned to locating a supply of drinking water and making provision to render that water as safe as possible.

Many sources in survival literature, as well as forums and online references, list ways in which water may be gathered and rendered safer for consumption in a survival situation, such as boiling, filtering, chemicals, solar radiation / heating (SODIS), and distillation (regular or via solar distillation). Such sources also often list the dangers, such as pollutants, microorganisms, or pathogens which affect the safety of back country water.Recent thinking is that boiling or commercial filters are significantly safer than use of chemicals, with the exception of chlorine dioxide. The issues presented by the need for water dictate that unnecessary water loss by perspiration be avoided in survival situations. To thus avoid these problems, culinary root tubers, fruit, edible mushrooms, edible nuts, edible beans, edible cereals or edible leaves, edible moss, edible cacti and algae can be searched and if needed, prepared (mostly by boiling). With the exception of leaves, these foods are relatively high in calories, providing some energy to the body. Plants are some of the easiest food sources to find in the jungle, forest or desert because they're stationary and can thus be had without exerting much effort .

Also, many commentators discuss the knowledge, skills, and equipment (such as bows, snares and nets) necessary to gather animal food in the wild through animal trapping, hunting, fishing. Some survival books promote the "Universal Edibility Test". Allegedly, one can distinguish edible foods from toxic ones by a series of progressive exposures to skin and mouth prior to ingestion, with waiting periods and checks for symptoms. However, many other experts including Ray Mears and John Kallas  reject this method, stating that even a small amount of some "potential foods" can cause physical discomfort, illness, or death. An additional step called the scratch test is sometimes included to evaluate the edibility of a potential food. Focusing on survival until rescued by presumed searchers, The Boy Scouts of America especially discourages foraging for wild foods on the grounds that the knowledge and skills needed are unlikely to be possessed by those finding themselves in a wilderness survival situation, making the risks (including use of energy) outweigh the benefits. Given that most people have enough body fat to carry them through several days, using the energy to procure water, fire and shelter is a better use of available time and energy.

FIREMaking fire is recognized in the sources as to significantly increase the ability to survive physically and mentally. Lighting a fire without a lighter or matches, such as by using natural flint and steel with tinder, is a frequent subject of both books on survival and in survival courses. There is an emphasis placed on practicing fire-making skills before venturing into the wilderness. Producing fire under adverse conditions has been made much easier by the introduction of tools such as the solar spark lighter and the fire piston.

Fire is presented as a tool meeting many survival needs. The heat provided by a fire warms the body, dries wet clothes, disinfects water, and cooks food. Not to be overlooked is the psychological boost and the sense of safety and protection it gives. In the wild, fire can provide a sensation of home, a focal point, in addition to being an essential energy source. Fire may deter wild animals from interfering with the survivor, however wild animals may be attracted to the light and heat of a fire. The light and smoke emitted by a fire can also be used to work at night and can signal rescue units.

First aid (wilderness first aid in particular) can help a person survive and function with injuries and illnesses that would otherwise kill or incapacitate him/her. Common and dangerous injuries include:•Wounds, which may become infected •Bites or stings from venomous animals, such as snakes, scorpions, spiders, bees, stingrays, jellyfish, catfish, stargazers, etc.•Bites leading to disease/septicemia, such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, animals infected with rabies, sand flies, komodo dragons, crocodilians, etc.•InfectioN through food, animal contact, or drinking non-potable water

FIRST AID

•Bone fractures •Sprains, particularly of the ankle •Burns•Poisoning from consumption of, or contact with, poisonous plants or poisonous fungi•Hypothermia (too cold) and hyperthermia (too hot)•Heart attack•HemorrhageThe survivor may need to apply the contents of a first aid kit or, if possessing the required knowledge, naturally occurring medicinal plants, immobilize injured limbs, or even transport incapacitated comrades.

When disasters strike, will you be prepared? Natural disasters such as flash floods, fires, and storms to name a few, are frequently mentioned in survival training. Man made disasters like terror attacks these days are taking place also in trainings. These trainings are really important because of their role in leading people to safety but also involve risks. With these tips you can be assured to lessen risks or eventually make your survival skills during disasters more efficient.

Mitigation is all you need to be prepared. The term means knowing and avoiding risks especially when disaster strikes. It also includes assessments of possible risks. Next is preparedness that helps you to focus on the aim of safety by using possible equipments to use during disasters. By remembering these factors will help you to avoid panic and start initiatives.

Tropical areas are prone to natural disasters for example: heavy storms, floods, earthquakes, and even landslides. When you’re in these type of occurrence, make sure that you’re in a secure place with strong foundations for you to be secure or you can even find one is possible but always take caution. Make your move as quickly as possible in reacting but don’t panic. Take ease with the process and figure possible ways of communication for respondents to assure safety.

Wildfires and blizzards are in some areas are occurring. Be in a safe shelter or make your way as safe as you can by instinct or perhaps by keen observation of the occurrence. Get as much source of communication attention to respondents either way possible. In wildfires, finding place with water will be a big help for relief when waiting for respondents to arrive. Making your way with to safety when disaster strikes can be hard but it will secure your safety and survival skills during disasters can help you do it. Focusing on your safety and peace of mind to secure out of the disaster a better tomorrow sure waiting for those observe.

HOW TO SURVIVE IN A PLACE

The way to survive in the urban environment is to create emergency disaster plans, to have enough food in storage, and to be prepared with the supplies that you might need in case of any weather-related, health-related, or government-issued situations that may occur. Remember though, that just like in the wilderness, surviving in an urban setting depends more on your skills and knowledge than on the equipment and fancy tools you own.

The most basic thing to develop when trying to survive is your will to survive. Your chance of surviving a disaster or an emergency depends largely on your desire or intent to survive whatever befalls you. Hold meetings with your family to discuss what you are going to do in emergency situations in order to prepare each and every member of your family. Teamwork is often most crucial in times like this.

Store non-perishable foods and water for your family. The ability to find drinkable water is one of the most important survival skills you can learn. Lack of water can ultimately lead to dehydration and death. Also, thirst can keep you from thinking clearly and making the right decisions. When clean drinkable water is no longer available, you should also be equipped with the knowledge on how to purify drinkable water. Remember, any source of water that is contaminated may do more harm than good.

Last but not the least of urban survival skills is knowing how to protect and defend yourself. Sadly, emergency situations may show the worst of mankind mainly because it is a “save yourself” scenario. Therefore, learning basic self defense is important.

TIPS FOR SURVIVE IN DISASTER

There are different types of disasters or calamities that people all over the world can encounter, these could be a hurricane, flash flood, or even fire in your home. Surviving skills during disasters is very vital in coping with such situations. Included in this article are tips that you can consider in order to be prepared for any unavoidable circumstance and help you in facing these occurrences if it does happen.

TIP NO. 1 Tip number one:- Calamity is any event that swamps the society or persons capacity to cope and act in response. Being smart to meet your fundamental needs for at least a week is a rational course of action. During an urgent situation, all levels of authority may be beset with managing the crisis.

TIP NO. 2 Tip number two:- In order to survive during this type of calamities, people must have air to breathe, drinking water, a humid and sheltered place to hang about, getting in touch with others is really important to be alive. Having enough stock of water and face masks per person for a week is much greater. In addition, canned goods and other ready to eat foods will really help you to survive during in this type of calamities. Keep your phone charged to keep in touch with people around you and to have a source of communication, this is really an effective survival skills during disaster.

TIP NO. 3 Tip number three. Getting in touch after the calamity with your relatives is very important, staying connected with each and everyone in the family is really vital. Phone a family member to let them know that your safe and sound, make sure your landlines are still in good condition, cell sites are surely dumped after what happen, set a place where you and other family members can meet. Don’t forget to have a battery powered radio in your survival kit, to make sure you will have the access on the news; for sure television satellites and internet servers are shut down. These survival skills during disaster will certainly help you during these times of unexpected calamities.

OCCURRENCE OF NUMEROUS NATURAL DISASTER

The occurrence of numerous natural disasters nowadays has caused a lot of concerned individuals all over the world. Though these disasters cannot be prevented there is still something you can do to be prepared when it strikes. Below are some disaster survival tips that will help you and your family face any disaster emergency situations. Your lives may greatly depend on these tips so be sure to keep them in mind.

First is to get yourself an emergency radio. Through this radio you can listen for further instructions during an emergency so make sure you know how to use it. You will also be able to know specific evacuation areas for shelter. Provide yourself and your family your own emergency food, water storage, and survival supplies. This might not be an essential for disaster survival tips but you may consider self defense products to protect your family.

There is a tendency that looting and unruliness will be caused by major disasters and emergencies. Another valuable thing to learn in times of disasters would be basic first aid and CPR. You will be capable to take care of the people around you and yourself if you know a thing or two about it. When the situation calls for an evacuation it would be smart to get out early. You should also have a backup travel plan like various routes to form your home.

Should you have friends or perhaps families from distant cities, plan ahead to stay with them. A meeting place should also be planned in advance with each family member. Having a grab-and-go bag for each member of the family is also very important. This is to prevent panic packing during an emergency and leave any valuable stuff behind. These bags should include emergency supplies that would last at least for three days.

You should also keep some cash available because power outages will render ATM machines unusable. Remember that in any natural disaster, your greatest enemy would panic and unpreparedness. Follow these disaster survival tips and you will be able to take care of your family and survive any calamities and emergencies. Being prepared is your greatest defense for these situations so you better be.

FOOD AND WATER

A human being can survive an average of three to five days without the intake of water, assuming sea-level altitude, room temperature and favorable relative humidity. In colder or warmer temperatures, the need for water is greater. The need for water also increases with exercise.A typical person will lose minimally two to maximally four liters of water per day under ordinary conditions, and more in hot, dry, or cold weather. Four to six liters of water or other liquids are generally required each day in the wilderness to avoid dehydration and to keep the body functioning properly. The U.S. Army survival manual recommends that you drink water whenever thirsty.Other groups recommend rationing water through "water discipline".A lack of water causes dehydration, which may result in lethargy, headaches, dizziness, confusion, and eventually death. Even mild dehydration reduces endurance and impairs concentration, which is dangerous in a survival situation where clear thinking is essential. Dark yellow or brown urine is a diagnostic indicator of dehydration. To avoid dehydration, a high priority is typically assigned to locating a supply of drinking water and making provision to render that water as safe as possible.

Many sources in survival literature, as well as forums and online references, list ways in which water may be gathered and rendered safer for consumption in a survival situation, such as boiling, filtering, chemicals, solar radiation / heating (SODIS), and distillation (regular or via solar distillation). Such sources also often list the dangers, such as pollutants, microorganisms, or pathogens which affect the safety of back country water.Recent thinking is that boiling or commercial filters are significantly safer than use of chemicals, with the exception of chlorine dioxide.[

The issues presented by the need for water dictate that unnecessary water loss by perspiration be avoided in survival situations.To thus avoid these problems, culinary root tubers, fruit, edible mushrooms, edible nuts, edible beans, edible cereals or edible leaves, edible moss, edible cacti and algae can be searched and if needed, prepared (mostly by boiling). With the exception of leaves, these foods are relatively high in calories, providing some energy to the body. Plants are some of the easiest food sources to find in the jungle, forest or desert because they're stationary and can thus be had without exerting much effort.