Teaching with Clickers for Deep LearningDerek Bruff, PhD – Center for Teaching – Vanderbilt University

Your sister calls to say she’s having twins. Which of the following is more likely? (Assume she’s not having

identical twins.)

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0% A. Twin boysB. Twin girlsC. One boy and one girlD. All are equally likely

Instructor Poses Question (<1 Min)

Students Answer Independently

(1-3 Min)

Instructor Views Results (<1 Min)

If Most Answer Correctly,

Briefly Discuss Question (1-3 Min)

If Most Answer Incorrectly,

Backtrack (5+ Min)

If Students Are Split, Have Students Discuss

in Pairs and Revote(1-5 Min)

Instructor Leads Classwide Discussion

(2-15 Min)

Peer Instruction via Clickers

Agile Teaching

Good Questions,Deep Learning

Traxoline is a new form of zionter. It is montillated in Ceristanna. The Ceristannians gristerlate large amounts

of fevon and then bracter it to quasel traxoline. Traxoline may well be one of our most lukized snezlaus in the future because of our zionter lescelidge. Based

on this information, how is traxoline quaselled?

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0% A. Via gristerlationB. Via bracterationC. Via lukizationD. Via montillation

Factual Recall Question

When you hear the term “water boarding,” what comes to mind?1. Olympic Event2. Fraternity Initiation3. Interrogation Technique4. Surfing5. Torture

John Jameson,History,

Kent State University

PLNs in Action

CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING

Concept Questions

Your sister calls to say she’s having twins. Which of the following is more likely? (Assume she’s not having identical twins.)A. Twin boysB. Twin girlsC. One girl and one boyD. All are equally likely.

“IMG_9936e2,” Abby Bischoff, Flickr (CC)

Concept Questions

Adam List, Chemistry, Vanderbilt University

Concept QuestionsSuppose that (1) earlobe attachment is dictated by a single gene, (2) unattached earlobes dominate, and (3) attached earlobes are recessive.

Jennifer Knight, Biology, Univ. Colorado-Boulder

From this information, you can conclude:A. Attached earlobes are seen less

frequently than unattached earlobes in a population.

B. Attached earlobes are seen more frequently than unattached earlobes in a population.

C. Either phenotype could be seen more frequently in a population: you need more information.

Times for TellingSchwartz & Bransford (1998)

Representation QuestionsWhich solution best represents HF disassociation in solution? (What does the equilibrium picture look like?) HF(aq) H+(aq) + F-(aq) K = 6.8 10-4

A B C

Barbara Reisner, Chemistry, James Madison University

APPLICATION & ANALYSIS

Application QuestionsConsider the view of the northeastern horizon shown at a certain date and time. Which of the following best describes the positions of these constellations 24 hours later?

1. Slightly lower in the sky, closer to the NE horizon.2. Exactly the same place3. Slightly higher in the sky, farther up from the NE horizon4. Somewhere just above the SW horizon5. Not visible at all above the horizon Patrick Len,

Astronomy, Cuesta College

Molecular, Cellular, & Dev. Biology, CU-Boulder

Application QuestionsConsider two mice from the same inbred strain. These mice have identical MHC II alleles.

For MHC I:• Mouse X has two alleles each of B, F and G. • Mouse Z has a mutation in one of its MHC I genes, and has two B and F

alleles and one G and one H.

If you transplant skin from one mouse to the other:A. X can accept a transplant from Z and Z can accept from XB. X can accept from Z, but Z will reject tissue from XC. Z can accept from X, but X will reject tissue from ZD. Neither mouse can accept a transplant from the other mouse

A. RULB. LULC. RLLD. LLL

A. B.

C. D.

Application Questions

Where is the primary abnormality?

A.

D.C.

B.

C. Leon Partain,RadiologyVanderbilt U.

Formative AssessmentAngelo & Cross (1998)

Which of the following is NOT an example of formative assessment?

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0% A. Clicker questionB. Reading quizC. Minute paperD. Final exam

Confidence Questions

Actual response data from Fall 2013!

CRITICAL THINKING

Critical Thinking QuestionsRR, a patient diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes, comes in for follow-up. He brings his SMBG log book and you see that most of his pre-breakfast numbers have been high, around 200. After questioning RR, he says he has been waking in the middle of the night with a lot of sweating. The most likely reason for his high AM sugars is:

1. Dawn phenomenon2. Poor dinner choices3. Not enough insulin in the evening4. Somogyi effect5. Incorrect use of BG meter

Stuart Beatty,Pharmacology,

Ohio State University

What is the most helpful radiologic study?

A. UltrasoundB. AngiographyC. Hepatobiliary ScanD. Sulfur colloid scan

Stephanie Spottswood, Radiology, Vanderbilt U.

• 17-year-old male• Pruritic foot rash• Severe joint pain• High fevers to 104°F• CT abdomen requested

Critical Thinking Questions

Critical Thinking Questions

You are a triage nurse in a pediatric urgent care clinic and the following patients are waiting.A. 3-year-old female with a FUO and T=40°C

who is riding a tricycle in the waiting roomB. 6-week-old term male, cc: fussy breast,

T=38.6°CC. 14-year-old male with hx of epilespy who

had a seizure at home lasting ~1 minute about 30 min. ago

Who would you triage first?Jean Farley,

Nursing, Georgetown Univ.

Open-Ended Questions

Ethical Questions

A couple wants to have a daughter because they already have 5 sons and wish to have a daughter. In this case, should this couple be allowed to use biotechnology to select the sex of their child?A. YesB. NoC. Not willing to form an

opinion yet.Darrell Killian, Biology,

Colorado College

Which of these question types seems most promising for your teaching?

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0% A. Concept QuestionsB. Application QuestionsC. Critical Thinking QuestionsD. Something else…

Questions?

Why Clickers?

Stowell & Nelson (2007) – Undergraduate psychology lectures, clickers vs. response cards vs. hand-raising

% Correct During Lecture % Correct on Post-Quiz

98%

60%

92%

52%

82%

60%

Hand-Raising Response Cards Clickers

Why Clickers?

Rubio, Bassignani, White, & Brant (2008) – Midday residential lectures in radiology, with and without clickers

% Correct on Post-Quiz % Correct 3 Months Later

76%

58%60%

28%

Clickers Control

The Flipped Classroom

Class Time

Transfer Assimilate

Traditional Approach

Before Class After Class

Class Time

Transfer Assimilate

Transfer Assimilate

Traditional Approach

Flipped Approach

Before Class After Class

Class Time

Transfer Assimilate

Transfer Assimilate

Traditional Approach

Flipped Approach

Before Class After Class(Asynchronous) (Asynchronous)(Synchronous)

Class Time

Transfer Assimilate

First Exposure

Practice & Feedback

Traditional Approach

Flipped Approach

Before Class After Class(Asynchronous) (Asynchronous)(Synchronous)

Class Time

Transfer Assimilate

First Exposure

Practice & Feedback

Traditional Approach

Flipped Approach

Before Class After Class(Asynchronous) (Asynchronous)(Synchronous)

Further Exploration

Derek BruffEmail: derek.bruff@vanderbilt.edu

Web: cft.vanderbilt.eduTwitter: @derekbruff

Flickr Photo Credits– “Skates,” marythom– “Drew & Katie,” Abby Bischoff– “29 Valley,” Simon Williams– “Questions,” Tim O’Brien– “Ear,” Travis Isaacs

– “Mentos + Diet Coke,” Michael & DeEtta Cobra– “Macbook X-Ray,” Jason de Villa– “Choices,” Derek Bruff– “Final Exam,” dcjohn