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Agriculture is the dominant economic activity in Africa. Useful information can be obtained from National communications; national GHG inventories need to be strengthen in terms of temporal coverage and projections. Many mitigation options exist which can be further developed within agricultural/forestry NAMAs. © FAO: http://www.fao.org
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Alessandro Ferrara
MAGHG Team
Third FAO Regional Workshop on Statistics for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Casablanca, Morocco 2-3 December 2013
The African Context: emissions, projections and mitigation plans
Overview
1. The African Context: the importance of the agricultural sector
2. National Communications to the UNFCCC
3. Mitigation Actions
Agriculture GDP share
Source: World Bank, 2010
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
Total GHG Emissions, AFRICA
Agriculture 64%
Energy 23%
Industrial Process 4%
Waste 9%
Source: IPCC, 2007 – IV Assessment Report
Total Agricultural emissions by category in Africa
Source: UNFCCC National Communications
Enteric Fermentation 26%
Manure Management 14%
Prescribed Burning of Savannahs 13%
Agricultural Soils 40%
Rice Cultivation 5%
Manure left on pasture Manure applied to soils Synthetic fertilizers Burning crop residues Drained organic soils
Field Burning of Ag. Residues 1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Field Burning of Agricultural Residues Prescribed Burning of Savannas Enteric Fermentation
Manure Management Rice Cultivation Agricultural Soils
Categories contribution to agricultural emissions, by country
Source: UNFCCC National Communications
Emissions/removals from LULUCF
Source: UNFCCC National Communications
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
Bill
ion
s to
nn
es
of
CO
2 e
q
Changes in Forest and Other Woody Biomass Stocks Forest and Grassland Conversion
Abandonment of Managed Lands CO2 Emissions and Removals from Soil
-0.91
1.43
- 0.81
0.30
Sin
k So
urc
e
43 countries 39 countries 23 countries 22 countries
National Communications to the UNFCCC
Source: UNFCCC National Communications
COUNTRIES
INITIAL NATIONAL COMMUNICATION SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Published GHGI reported year Published GHGI reported year
Algeria 2001 1994 2010 2000
Cameroon 2005 1994 --
Central African Republic 2003 1994 --
Côte d'Ivoire 2001 1994 2010 2000
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2000 1994 2009 1999 to 2003
Egypt 1999 1990 2010 2000
Ethiopia 2001 1990 --
Gabon 2004 1994 2011 2000
Ghana 2001 1990 2011 1990 to 2000
Kenya 2002 1994 --
Madagascar 2004 1994 2010 2000
Mali 2000 1995 2012 2000
Mauritania 2002 1995 2008 2000
Morocco 2001 1994 2010 2000
Namibia 2002 1994 2011 2000
Nigeria 2003 1994 --
Rwanda 2005 2002 2012 2005
Senegal 1997 1994 2010 2000
South Africa 2003 1990 to 1994 2011 2000
Sudan 2003 1995 --
GHG Projections from the National Communications
Source: UNFCCC National Communications
COUNTRY CATEGORY UNIT BASELINE 2017 2020 2025 2030 2034 %
Algeria Overall Gg CO2eq
100,980
164,160
63%
South Africa Overall Gg CO2eq
450,000
950,000
111%
Mauritania Overall Gg CO2eq
7,980
16,710
109%
Morocco Agriculture Gg CO2eq 28 54 93%
Morocco Forest Gg CO2eq 3.5 2.1 -40%
Cote d Ivoire Forest Gg CO2eq
1,104
1,760
59%
Nigeria Deforestation Gg CO2eq
34,833
56,833
63%
Senegal LULUCF Gg CO2eq -10166 -7700 -24%
Egypt All CH4 emission Gg CO2eq x 35%
Madagascar
Livestock Gg CO2eq 337 397 18%
Rice cultivation Gg CO2eq 24 28 17%
Agricultural soils Gg CO2eq 55 75 36%
Cameroon Fishery & Livestock Gg CO2eq 35 48 37%
Mitigation Actions
Mitigation options in Africa
Source: UNFCCC National Communications
Agriculture LULUCF
Agroforestry Practices Sustainable native forest management and decreased soil
degradation
Improved post-harvest management to reduce burning of farming wastes
Maintenance of non-timber forest product areas to serve as buffers to mitigate desertification
Adequate use of crop sequences and appropriate use of fertilizers
Sustainable management of national parks and wetlands
Improved varieties and biotechnology Sustainable land use planning
Improved collection and storage of manure Promotion of small afforestation/reforestation activities at the
community level
Improved technologies to reduce emissions from cattle Increased areas of certified forest
Improvement in nutrition and genetics of grazing livestock Reduction of forest fires
Animal breeding programs and usage of adapted species REDD+ Initiatives
Effective utilisation of animal waste (in production of manure and biogas)
Integrated Water Resource Management and Planning
Promotion of organic farming and minimisation of chemical fertiliser use
Promotion of agroforestry activities
Promotion of growing upland rice as opposed to paddy rice Sustainable biomass energy
Country Agriculture Forestry
Cameroon ___________ REDD+ and CDM projects
Central African Republic ___________ Reforestation, Forest Management
Cote d’Ivoire Sustainable Farming Sustainable management of forests
Ethiopia ___________ Reforestation, national parks, wetlands
Gabon ___________ Afforestation, Agroforestry
Ghana ___________ Sustainable forestry, REDD+
Madagascar ___________ Large-scale reforestation, REDD+
Mali ___________ Reforestation, Afforestation
Mauritania ___________ Reforestation
Morocco Farm land yield improvement
Reforestation, Forest Fire Prevention
Swaziland Overall Agriculture system improvements
___________
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)
Source: UNFCCC SBI, Bonn, June 2013 FCCC/SBI/2013/INF.12/rev.2
Concrete examples of NAMAs in Africa
Source: National Planning for GHG Mitigation in Agriculture: A Guidance Document (FAO MICCA Series N 7 , 2013)
Ethiopia: Mitigation Actions
Reduction By 2030 (in Mt of CO2eq)
Changed herd mix for more efficient feed conversion
18
Improved feed, breeds, and management
17
Reduced draught animals population
4
Improved range management 3
Improved agronomic management of soils
40
Increased yields through improved seeds, fertilizers, and agronomic practices
27
Kenya: Mitigation Actions
Reduction By 2030 (in Mt of CO2eq)
Agroforestry
4.2
Conservation tillage
1.1
Fire reduction in crop and grasslands
1.2
Morocco: Mitigation Actions
Reduction per year (in Mt of CO2eq)
Cropland Management 2.0
Conclusions
• Agriculture is the dominant economic activity in Africa.
• Useful information can be obtained from National communications; national GHG inventories need to be strengthen in terms of temporal coverage and projections.
• Many mitigation options exist which can be further developed within agricultural/forestry NAMAs.
Thank you!
Contact: [email protected] MAGHG website: www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg FAOSTAT website: http://faostat.fao.org
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