2. The word "baroque" comes from the Portuguese word barroco,
meaning misshapen pearl. A description of the ornate and heavily
ornamented music and architecture of this period.
3. Important historical events Religious wars in Europe
(Protestants vs. Catholics) Absolute monarchy Puritan Revolution
English Civil War Exploring the New World Jamestown (1607) First
printed book in North American colonies: Bay Psalm Book, (1640)
Colonial Williamsburg
4. Science Scientific discoveries of Galileo, Harvey and
Newton. Mathematical advances of Descartes, Newton and Leibnitz.
Philosophical explorations of Descartes, Spinoza and Locke.
5. Visual Art P. Rubens (1577 1640) Flemish painter The
Exchange of Princesses The Virgin and Child Adored by Angels
6. Rembrandt Dutch painter Christ In The Storm On The Sea Of
Galilee 1633
7. Architecture The Church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale,
designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, is a very good example of Baroque
architecture with its domed roof and curved contours.
8. Governor's Palace (1722) in Colonial Williamsburg
9. Ludwigsburg Palace near Stuttgart, Germany's largest Baroque
Palace
10. Grand Peterhof Palace and the Grand Cascade, St. Petersburg
Russia
11. Melk Abbey, Austria
12. Church of the Third Order of St. Francis, Brazil
13. The Doctrine of Affections The main purpose of music is to
arose the passions or affections. Each piece or a movement limits
itself only to one of the emotions.
14. The Use of Different Keys C Major: rejoicing, impudent C
Minor: sweet, but sad D Major: stubborn, noisy, warlike and rousing
D Minor: devout, serious, grand, calming E Flat Major: pathetic,
plaintive E Major: the fatal separation of body and soul E Minor:
pensive and grieving, but not without hope G Flat Minor: distress,
abandonment G Major: persuasive and brilliant G Minor: grace,
kindness, loveliness A Major: gripping and clear A Minor: honorable
and calm B Flat Major: magnificent, yet modest B Minor: hard,
unpleasant and desperate
15. The creation of tonality Equal temperament Watch segments
10 16: http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/Por
talViewVideo.aspx?xtid=10879&psid=0&sid=0&St
ate=&title=Equal%20Temperament&IsSearch=N&
parentSeriesID= Zhu Zaiyu or Chu-Tsaiyu in 1584 and Simon Stevin in
1585 achieved the exact calculation. J. S. Bach wrote The
Well-Tempered Clavier to demonstrate the musical possibilities of
well temperament 12 notes per octave.
16. New Genres Opera Cantata Oratorio Concerto Sonata
17. Figured bass The numbers indicate what additional notes to
play: the number of the scale steps above the given bass
notes.
21. Cello Baroque cello and harpsichord:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0O6DGVGV0Ek
22. Violone, later Bass Please watch segments 2 and 3 in this
video:
http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xti
d=6686&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=Bass%20Instruments&IsSearch=N&
parentSeriesID=#
28. Organ http://www.youtu be.com/watch?v= JHQFOP4HoRw
http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=7069&psid=
0&sid=0&State=&title=The%20Organ&IsSearch=N&parentSeriesID=
29. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 1750)
30. Childhood Was born into a musical family. Lost his parents
by the age of 10 and moved in with his brother, an organist. At the
age of 14, was awarded a choral scholarship to study at the
prestigious St. Michaels School in Luneburg, where he sang in the
choir and played organ and harpsichord. Bach-Haus museum. Stands on
the same location as the original Bach family house.
31. Weimar, Arnstadt, and Mhlhausen (170308) A court musician
in the chapel of Duke Johann Ernst in Weimar. The organist at St.
Bonifaces Church in Arnstadt. Studied with the great organist
Dietrich Buxtehude. The organist at St. Blasiuss church in
Muhlhausen. Married Maria Barbara Bach, his second cousin. They had
seven children, four of whom survived to adulthood. St. Bonifaces
Church in Arnstadt
32. Return to Weimar (170817) Returned to Weimar as organist
and director of music at the ducal court. Composed keyboard and
orchestral works. Transcribed Vivaldis string and wind concertos
for harpsichord and organ. Composed for organ. Began The
Well-Tempered Clavier
http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/dbp-wtc1a/
http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/dbp-wtc2a/
33. Kthen (171723) Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Kthen hired Bach
to serve as his Kapellmeister (director of music). The prince was
Calvinist and did not use elaborate music in his worship. Most of
Bachs work from this period was secular. The Orchestral Suites.
http://content.thespco.org/music/compositions/orchestral-suite-no-2-in-b-minor-
johann-sebastian-bach/ Six Suites for solo cello.
http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/paternoster-cellosuites1/
Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin.
http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/lara-sonatas1/ Brandenburg
Concertos.
http://content.thespco.org/music/compositions/brandenburg-concerto-no-1-
johann-sebastian-bach/ Secular cantatas for the court. Bachs first
wife suddenly died and he met and married Anna Magdalena Wilcke.
They had 13 more children, six of whom survived into
adulthood.
34. Leipzig (172350) Was appointed Cantor of the Thomasschule
at Thomaskirche in Leipzig and Director of Music in the principal
churches in the town. Composed cantatas required for weekly and
holiday services. Some of Bachs last compositions: The Musical
Offering The Goldberg Variations Canonic Variations The Art of the
Fugue http://www.baroquecds.com/730ArtFugue3.mp3 Died at the age of
65 due to unsuccessful eye operation. His grave went unmarked for
nearly 150 years.
35. Major Compositions For soloists, choir, orchestra St.
Matthew Passions Magnificat Mass in B Minor More than 200 Cantatas
For orchestra 6 Brandenburg Concertos 5 Suites For different
instruments: 2 Concertos for violin Concerto for 2 violins
Concertos for 1, 2, 3, and 4 harpsichords The Art of Fugue for
harpsichord 6 Concertos for organ Fantasias and Fugues for organ
Bach Toccata and Fugue in D Minor Sonatas 6 Sonatas for violin and
harpsichord 3 Sonatas and 3 Partitas for violin solo 6 Suites for
cello solo
36. Video Assignment Please watch the following video and take
notes. You will be asked to reflect on Bachs life and legacy.
http://digital.films.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/PortalViewVideo.
aspx?xtid=29998&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=Johann%20Sebas
tian%20Bach&IsSearch=N&parentSeriesID=