The Medieval Britain (1066-1485)

Magna Carta and the Decline of Feudalism:

Feudalism and the use of land in return for

service was beginning to weaken

Characteristics of the Middle Age Britain

The ongoing struggle between church and

British kings continues to persist

Each targets at undertaking dominance and

control, ends mostly in disaster or

discontent

The beginning of parliament: over the reign of Henry III and under the

leadership of Simon de Montfort, the nobles took over the government and elected a council of nobles.

De Montfort called it a parliament, or parlement, a French word meaning a "discussion meeting".

Annexing all British States: Edward I was interested in bringing the rest

of Britain under his control. Scotland was the most resistible country to

British overlordship. it was led by William Wallace, a Norman-

Scottish knight. Scottish nationalism was born on the day

Wallace died

The thirteenth century brought a new movement,

the "brotherhoods" of friars.

These friars were wandering preachers.

They were interested not in Church power and

splendor, but in t he souls of ordinary men and

women.

By 1300 the population was probably just over four million; about three times what it had been in 1066.

The growth of farms and animal hunting The growth of many wealth towns like London and

Oxford Many villagers became known by their trade

name: blacksmiths, carpenters, tillers or shepherds The growth of literacy in England was closely

connected with the twelfth -century Renaissance

Schools of learning were established in

many towns and cities.

Some were "grammar" schools independent

of the Church, while others were attached

to a cathedral.

The fourteenth century was disastrous for

Britain as well as most of Europe, because

of the effect of wars and plagues

2. The Late Middle ages:

England set a war with France and Scotland

that made both an alliance against England.

The struggle between the French and

English kings over French territories was to

continue into the fifteenth century.

The year 1348 brought an event of far greater importance

This was the terrible plague, known as the Black Death, which reached almost every part of Britain during 1348-9

Probably more than one-third of the entire population of Britain died

During the 14 century, towards the end of the middle Ages, there was a continuous struggle between the king and his nobles

In 1327 when Edward II was deposed and cruelly murdered.

Towards the end of the14 century, Richard II was the second king to be killed by ambitious lords.

War of Roses: In the nineteenth century, the

novelist Walter Scott named these wars the

"Wars of t he Roses“

because York 's symbol was a white rose,

and Lancaster's a red one

Nobility Were Divided Between Those:

Who Remained Loyal To Henry VI, The

"Lancastrians”

Who Supported The Duke Of York, The

"Yorkists" Mainly Edward IV.

Richard III killed his two nephews to keep the throne for himself

The battle quickly ended in Richard’s defeat and death.

Henry Tudor was crowned king immediately, on the battlefield.

The war had finally ended.