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The West Arrives in Asia
Independent Development• Marco Polo his spectacular trip to China
and India in the late thirteen century was Europe and monsoon Asia , the two major poles of world civilization.
Independent Development• Relative value and awareness of trade
networks in classical Europe, the Arabic peninsula, and Monsoon Asia
Independent Development• the Arabs transmitted westward a few samples
of Asian science and technology: Indian mathematic s and numeration system, Indian medicine and steel technology, Cinese silk, paper and printing.
Independent Development• But medieval European tended to call of these
“Arabic ” and either ignored their Asian origins especially after the end of roman connections with India and the interposition of an Arab monopoly the trade withnIndia and China by sea and land across Centaral Asia
Independent Development• the contemporary of Roman Empire and
the Han dynasty, between the second century B.C. and A.D both empires were reaching out beyond their frontiers.
Independent Development• May centuries before Alexander invaded
India in 326 B.C. the civilization of Asia had developed independent of connections with the ancient and classical West.
Independent Development• Marco polo Called China was the land
that beyond the deserts and mountain barriers of central Asia .
Independent Development• The west China is land of Oz.
Independent Development• The west China was the source of silk and
other exotic trade good.
Independent DevelopmentOne of the reason, the west arrives in
Asia to look Asian spices .
Asian spicesPepper from South IndiaCloves from MuluccasNutmeg and Mace from IndonesiaCinnamom from CeylonGinger from China and South India
Spices of South INDIA and China
Cinnamon in Indonesia
Cloves from Muluccas
Nutmeg and Mace from Indonesia
Motives for Expansion• Western views of Muslims as the “enemy”• Middle Eastern control of trade; Henry the
NavigatorVoyages of ExplorationPortuguese explorers; the influence of Marco Polo; early Portuguese contacts with India
The Portuguese Commercial Empire The Portuguese in Goa; Portuguese military dominance at sea; Magellan; the colonies of Spain and Portugal; Asian women and Western men
The Spanish in the Philippines• The flow of silver to Asia, New World crops• loose Spanish control in the Philippines• missionary work
Trading Bases in Asia• African bases along the sea routes to Asia;
Europe’s limited role in the spice trade; European traders working Asian markets; Europeans on the periphery; Portuguese and the rest of the commercial network along the sea lanes; the rise of Dutch and British influence and decline of Portuguese control; the legacy of Portugal
“Christians and Spices”• The Spanish and Portuguese missionary
thrust; the slaughter of Asian “heathens”; Albuquerque; the Counter-Reformation in Europe and the Jesuits in Asia; the Guangzhou trade
Japan’s Christian Century• Japanese curiosity and acceptance of Western
things; inter-Christian contentions and governmental concern; persecution; the limits of foreign control; minimal European impact and success; European dominance at sea; the uncivilized nature of European sailors; Asian disinterest in Europe
END