CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

INDEX● The history of construction.

● Stone and its uses.

● Cement and its production.

● Mortar.

● Concrete and varieties.

● Plaster.

INDEX

● Ceramics and its art.

● The clay and its production.

● Environmental Impact of Construction.

● Process of constructing a building.

HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION

● In the Ancient times, people used many materials for construct buildings, such as: mud, ceramics, mortar, plaster, aluminium...

● This photo represent one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

STONE AND ITS USES

● It is extracted from quarries, there are different types of stone, such as:

● Granite: It is used in kitchen furniture.

● Slate: It is used in blackboards and other products.

● Marble: It is used in colums, floors and ornamental furniture.

● Limestone: It was used in the Middle Ages in the construction of cathedrals, churches, castles...

CEMENT AND ITS PRODUCTION

● It is a binder like glue. It is a mixture of ground and baked minerals, etc.

● There are many types depending of the mixture, such as Portland cement.

MORTAR

● It is a mixture of cement, water and sand. First we need to mix the cement with the sand, then we add some water for start the chemical reaction called setting.

CONCRETE AND ITS VARIETIES

● Concrete is a composite construction material composed by cement and other cementitious such as fly ash slag cement, water and other chemical substances.

CONCRETE AND ITS VARIETIES

● There are differents types:

● Regular Concrete.

● Reinforced Concrete.

● Asphalt Concrete.

● Glass Concrete.

● Cellular Concrete.

PLASTER

● The plaster is referred to the gypsum plaster.

● It is used in interiors walls and for decorative issues.

● It is used in buildings because is a good fire-resistant material, so we can reduce stuctural damage in case of fire.

CERAMICS AND ITS ART

● It was used in the Ancient Age by the asiatic people.

● It was and it is used in pottery, ornaments, production of bricks...

● The ceramics come from the clay.

CLAY AND ITS PRODUCTION

It is a natural product that is formed by a long of natural erosion from rocks.

Some poducts are bricks, tiles, wall tiles, floor tiles, porcelain( Porcelain is much harder, so we use it for

cover tiles for make them more resistant and waterproof).

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION

● The construction is very bad for nature.(Example: Production of Concrete)

● Scientifics say that some cities are going to dissapear by the ocean rises cause of the Global Warming.(La Manga,Valencia...)

PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING

●1-Design Team: Involves the translation of design to reality.●2-Financial advisors: Ask for little money for complete the project.●3-Legal Consideration: Ask for legal permission.●4-Interaction of Expertise: To be qualificated to the zone.●5-Procurement: Sell to the people the terrains..●6-Construct a Building: We start with Foundations, and we continue upwards.

PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING

●We start with foundations.●We continue putting the main beams, walls, windows frames...●Later we put small details, such as appliances, sinks....●Next we insulate the walls. We put the tile work in walls or in the floor...●Finally we have finished our home.

WE HOPE THAT YOU LIKE IT!

By:

Gonzalo Llera.

Mario García.