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M R Jhalawad
Validation & Implementation of Training 2
IntroductionValidation is derived from word ‘valid.’
Dictionary meaning of valid is:
Seen to be in agreement in facts
To be logically sound
In conformity with law
Based on sound principles
Validation in T & D means whether training program meet such criteria
Validation is an on-going activity in T&D implementation
Validation & Implementation of Training 3
Validation & Evaluation
Validation Evaluation
1. Measure overall cost benefit of training program
2. Continuous monitoring of a program or training function as a whole.
1. Different opinions as to what this term means
2. Emphasis is on value & meeting specific objectives
3. It is also a form of evaluation
Validation & Implementation of Training 4
Validity is a complex & dynamic function
Validation is also described as ‘reaction evaluation’
Designed to ascertain:
Whether objectives of training goal were met
If validation cause confusion, it is best avoided
Tests or survey are reliable if yield consistent results at two different point of times
Methods of validation are
Relevance of objectives with training needs
Do they meet criteria of effectiveness
Validation
Validation & Implementation of Training 5
Exercise is done through end-of-course
A questionnaire is filled-in by participants
This is easy & quick to achieve instant evaluation
Objective is obtain participants reactions:
This is most common form of validation
Compile evidence for improvement
Provide training quality control mechanism
Level of satisfaction with the course
Validation Questionnaire
Provide feedback for improvement
Express views & feelings about learning
Validation & Implementation of Training 6
In some cases tests are conducted or games are played
Validation Test
Guidelines to help construct valid test include:
Conduct test on what has been stated to be measured
Validation & Implementation of Training 7
Types of Knowledge Tests
Multiple choice item
Examples:
Multiple response Sequencing
Matching True / False
1
Validation & Implementation of Training 8
Types of Knowledge Tests
Subjective TestWritten or Oral
Examples:
Usually provide less valid data
Logs or Diaries
Oral Questioning
InterviewsObservations
2
Essays
Validation & Implementation of Training 9
Validation & Implementation of Training:
Aspects that may be validated to examine effectiveness of training program:
Understanding of basic requirements of learners
Understanding of basic requirements of supervisors
Developing training & development plan
Selecting training & development goals
Consideration of basic principles of adult learning
Course material
Selection of techniques & methods
Evaluation criteria
Validation & Implementation of Training 10
Introduction
• Evaluation & Validation are related terms• Evaluation:Measure overall cost benefit of training programContinuous monitoring of a program or training
function as a whole.
• Validation [according to Anderson - 1993]:Different opinions as to what this term meansIn evaluation emphasis is on valueIn validation emphasis is on meeting specific
objectivesValidation is also a form of evaluation
11Validation & Implementation of Training
Validation• Validity is a complex & dynamic function
• Validation is also described as ‘reaction evaluation’
• Designed to ascertain:
Whether objectives of training goal were met
Relevance of objectives with training needs
Do they meet criteria of effectiveness
• Methods of validation are Questionnaire, Test
• Tests or survey are said to be reliable if it yields consistent results at two different point of times
• If validation cause confusion, it is best avoided
Validation & Implementation of Training 12
Validation Questionnaire• Exercise is done through end-of-course
• A questionnaire is filled-in by participants
• This is easy & quick to achieve instant evaluation
• Objective is obtain participants reactions:
Level of satisfaction with the course
Express views & feelings about learning
Provide training quality control mechanism
Compile evidence for improvement
Provide feedback to trainer for improvement
• This is most common form of validation
Validation & Implementation of Training 13
Validation Tests
• In some cases tests are conducted or games are played
• Tests must measure what has been stated to be measured
• Guidelines to help construct valid test include:
Have equal number of questions on each topic that has been taught
Phrase question in a neutral way
Clarify how test will be administered
Write clear questions to avoid vague answers
Validation & Implementation of Training 14
Types of Knowledge Tests
1. Multiple choice item – Learners to select one answer from list of possible answer. Examples:
Multiple response
Sequencing
Matching
True / False
Rating scale
Validation & Implementation of Training 15
Types of Knowledge Tests
2. Subjective test – usually provide less valid data. Examples are:
Essays
Logs or diaries
Oral questioning
Interviews
Observations
Validation & Implementation of Training 16
Validation & Implementation of Training
• Validation is derived from word valid
• Dictionary meaning of ‘Valid’ as adjective:
Seen to be in agreement with facts
To be logically sound
In conformity with law
Based on sound principle
• Accordingly for T&D validation means to examine whether training program meet above criteria
• If yes then implementation is effective
Validation & Implementation of Training 17
Validation & Implementation of Training:
Aspects that may be validated to examine effectiveness of training program
•Understanding of basic requirements of learners
•Understanding of basic requirements of supervisors
•Developing training & development plan
•Selecting training & development goals
•Consideration of basic principles of adult learning
•Course material
•Selection of techniques & methods
•Evaluation criteria Validation & Implementation of Training 18
