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Training in citizenship

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“In a republican nation whose citizens are to be led by reason and

persuasion and not by force, the art of reasoning becomes of first importance”.

Thomas Jefferson ,1786

Citizenship as legal status defines the civil, political and social rights. As well the citizen has the legal right to be protected by law

Ethics - Law - political participation- citizenship -dignity - Equality – social responsibility - fairness

Keywords

1-Introduction2-General goals3- Methodology4- Social Integration5- Feminist Criticism6-Management7-Recognition of competencies8-Concept of diversity at work9- Concept of dignity & legal treatment10-Philosophy of ethics 11- Moral diversity12- Analysis13- Exercises 1-2-3-414- Bibliography

Table of contents

The development of modern morality is a process closely linked to the social and cultural development of the various populations and humanity. Some evolutionary biologists, especially the socio-biologists believe that morality is the product of an evolutionary work on individual level as well as at the group level by selecting a group to discuss a controversial topic in the theory of evolution. Some of them affirm that the theory of evolution is the result of the human behavior development and a large evolving ethics that offered the benefits of increased evolutionary success. Consequently human feelings evolved from the “ Pro-social "" such as feelings of empathy or guilt that respond ethical behavior. However biologists stated that the morality of human beings arise from the "Altruistic instincts".

1-Introduction

Raise community awareness about the concept of citizenship, social responsibility, participation in civic and cultural affairs, and economic productivity;

Support self-development;

Develop contemplative Reflective thinking Encourage rational problem solving, decision-making, and social work.

2-General Goals

(Cohen, 1999 Kymlicka؛ Norman, 2000 ,Carens؛2000)

According to civil, political and social rights:

Citizen has the right to freedom & to act according to the law and to claim legal protection;

The right to social and political participation;

The right to be a member of the political community which aims to deliver an excellent source of identity

3- Methodology/ Concept of citizenship in three key elements

Citizenship responsibility Citizenship refers to the fact that the citizen should be member of his/her community and participate to community activities that aims to create a better environment , happiness and harmonious society. As democracies, citizenship relies on the dissemination of awareness among citizens about their rights and responsibilities as citizens to express their opinions about their needs to social participation and its impact on local communities and citizenship .Who are the righteous citizens ? The ones who have the knowledge and understanding about: the laws and rules of voting for the role of government offices and the impact on the diversity of human rights and the media, cultural, finances, the economy, the environment and the concepts of sustainable development, such as: democracy, justice, equality, fairness , freedom , the power and the rule of law.

4- Social Integration

Dimensions of citizenship

It can be said that citizenship contributes to social integration and the relation between the three dimensions that define the rights of citizens through the available political activities while the concept of citizenship is seen as a source of identity through the promotion of self-esteem (Rawls / in 1972.544).

Relations between the three dimensions are complex:

the rights a citizen enjoys will partly define the range of available political activities while explaining how citizenship can be a source of identity by strengthening her sense of self-respect (Rawls 1972, 544). A strong civic identity can itself motivate citizens to participate actively in their

society's political life. That distinct groups within a state do not share the same sense of identity towards „their‟ political community (or communities) can be a reason to argue in favor of a differentiated allocation of rights (Carens 2000, 168–173).

Citizenship allow community leaders to contribute to nation-building and national duty. Consequently psychological dimension submit people with appropriate profile. It will not affect the collective identity in the political community power.

If citizens have a strong sense of political affiliation, it will enhance social cohesion and social integration as an important goal or problem to achieve citizenship

Active CitizenshipActive citizenship refers to organizations and their philosophy to participate to social responsibility and in the building of their nation-states, despite the fact that these figures may not have specific roles in the government. They can be seen as active citizenship rights versus responsibilities. If companies give rights of the people in its jurisdiction, it means that they assume certain responsibilities. This will be the most pronounced in any country, or the level of the nation-state, but it can also be broader, such as global citizenship. This means that effective citizen may obtain the rights and responsibilities in a balanced way. The responsibilities of active citizenship is in fact more complicated than writing a list of rights despite the fact that the vote may be considered as fundamental responsibility , there are some people who are not able to fully participate in the voting process.

An active citizen is a person who takes part in the community. In other part volunteerism work has been identified by writers like Jonathan Tisch, who wrote in the Huffington Post in 2010 calling for Americans to provide assistance to others, particularly through the provision of professional experience in areas such as banking, education, engineering, and technology to help the less fortunate people. The active citizenship includes volunteering, donating, and recycling.

since 1970 feminist theory has been criticized in models of the Republic and liberal in the private and public spheres. Feminist criticism has led to the development of alternative conceptions of politics and citizenship. In the classic formulation, the Republican concept of political public sphere is seen as a world of freedom and equality & has considered that the citizens male and female have the equal freedom to engage in civil society for the benefit of the public service, and to decide what is fair or unfair, harmful or helpful (Aristotle,1253a11)

5- Feminist criticism

Fulfill our commitment as citizens to build a better system and more sustainability for future generations:

Protect citizens;

Meet our obligations to the public’s interest;

Act with the mentality of administrative and professional help in order to improve communities and social environment

6-Management role

Attract, develop and retain the best talent to serve the nation which is a challenge to build a strong independent state. It does strengthen the cooperation through competition and the recognition of qualificationsThe value of creativityEnable citizens to work to become a high-performance enterprise; create long-term relationships between employees and their managers to continue to evaluate efforts;Unification of the social network Take advantage of connections & cooperation and learn to deliver exceptional service to the community;Respect for the individual Valuation of biodiversity & unique contributions;Promote trust and openness environment & citizen access in a way that reflect the moral values

7-Recognition of human energies

Integrity & honesty To be honest and inspiring confidence in what we mean by our words and our behavior and assume the responsibility of our actionsCitizenship partnershipCitizenship is necessary to partnership and to improve the performance of the core values of the system work ethics. It does reflect the satisfaction of the local communities in their access to basic services. Consequently it also reveals the effectiveness of the system and the merits of the institutions in their ability to provide services in an appropriate manner governed by the administrative hierarchy and competition skills in strategy work and evaluation of public services

Is going to beyond capacity, age, race, sex, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression to create an environment that welcomes all forms of differences.

It does appeal to diversity process through the adoption of a comprehensive culture that supports talent;

It does promote high energy to entrench the innovative culture of core values;

It does provide a collaborative environment that allows diversity for an effective work environment

8-Concept of diversity at work

According to philosophy, religion, human rights, medicine, and law, the term dignity is used in the moral, ethical, legal and political debates and show that humans have the innate right to live and enjoy all the fundamental rights. The ethics are an extension of the underlying concepts of rights to protect people from abuse and harm. For example dignity is used in politics to protect the vulnerable and oppressed peoples, to the cultures, the religious beliefs and to the Supreme examples and animals used for food or plants. Also it does link to the value of human dignity in general, depending on how the use of the term or in the moral context.

9-Concept of dignity

It is a system that agree the philosophy of religion, culture, and other ethical rules. Morality may also be synonymous with "good" or "right" either moral corruption, it is an active opposition of the ethics and take different forms that include ignorance and apathy toward a set of standards or ethical principles which leads to blasphemy. However ethical theory of ethics involves the defense of the concepts of right and wrong behavior that address conflicts in moral diversity and ethical diversity. This term comes from the Greek word “spirit” which means "character". And Superfield is known as axiology of the science of values that include both the philosophy of ethics and aesthetics. However philosophical ethics defines the best way to attain human life.

10-Philosophy of Ethics

Theory of EthicsMorality can be divided in to four main areas:1-Meta-EthicsIs the theory of moral values that determine the truth 2-Normative Ethics Is a practical theory that determines the moral action. However realistic ethics arises moral theory for the commitment of the people and very specific actions for specific situations, such as in work and business 3-Descriptive Ethics Is known as the relative morality and is the study of people's beliefs about ethics that seeks to resolve problems and to deal with human beliefs like the concepts of good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime issues. It is the philosophy of public problems, such as those associated with reality, presence, knowledge ,values, reason, mind, and language.

It is a philosophy that address the problems on basis of rational. However the philosophy of "can refer to" organized religion as a set of beliefs and cultural systems that are related to humanity, many religions, stories, symbols, and sacred history which aims to explain the meaning and origin of life on the universe. In other part, human beliefs originate their ethics according to religious laws and a pattern preferred life.

According to some estimates, there are nearly 4,200 religions in the world. Many religions have organized behaviors, clergy, and the definition of what constitutes a commitment or membership, the holy places, and the holy books. It can also include the practice of religion rituals, sermons, or veneration of God, sacrifices and fascination / Trance, indoctrination, initiation, funerals and marriages, meditation, prayer, music, art, dance, or other aspects of human culture. Religions may also contain myths.

Morality and ethics Morals (also known as moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality. And "is commonly used interchangeably with 'morality' which is sometimes used in the ethical principlesAnd "the word morality" include certain types of ethical

theories such as deontology, descriptive and normative thatIndicates the meaning of "morality" to personal and cultural values, codes of conduct or social customs. However the standard refers to the "morality" on everything that is actually right or wrong, and that may be independent of the values or norms held by the people or the specific cultures.

Realism and Anti-realism

Philosophical theories about the nature and origins of morality (and this is the meta-theories of ethics) and is divided into two categories:

Moral realism and Ethical realism

Are theories that show a moral report based on objective facts that recognize social conformity in shaping individuals' decisions, and remember that those cultural norms and customs define a moral right behavior.

Moral anti-reality

The moral arguments see also fail or do don’t try to provide objective moral truths. Instead, we see that moral judgments are false allegations beyond the moral truths objectivity (error theory) both claim attitudes about personal rather than objective facts (Self moral and ethical self), or else no attempts to describe the world at all, but something else , such as the expression of feelings, issuing orders (far from the cognitive school).

Declarations and conventions

During the 20th century, the word dignity appeared in a variety of writings as a reason for making peace and promoting human rights.

1. “All people are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other national or social origin, property, birth or other status of opinion. "

11-Moral Diversity

The views ofContradictory citizenship

Liberalism and the concept of individuality

Concept of Republican CivilThat focus on the political nature

Citizenship is about democratic participation that could frustrate the legitimate grievances and bring people to focus on issues of common interest

Citizenship occurs in the public domainActivate politically citizensMay lead to free competition and the neglect of citizenship duties

Focus on the humanitarian nature of the economy

Independent society with duties to pay taxes, obey the law, and to engage in business, and the defense of the nation

citizenship is based on reason for the pursuit of enlightened self-interestCitizens with passive policymay lead to a decline in the general spirit

12- Analysis

Dynamic partnership

Distinctive care service

Outstanding performance

Continuousاinnovation

People proficiency

13-Exercise 1

Framework for Accountability System

Values - races – Team work-Commitment

Principles of implementation

and sustainability

Education and training

Analysis and use

Research and data collection

Public services

14-Exercise 2

Integration of environmental justice

Climate Change and sustainability, and building community resilience

People

Supervision

Management

Challenges

Accountability

Programs

Policies

Public services

15-Exercise 3

Public service values

Learning, innovation and change management

Governance and Strategic Management

Effective consultative

structure

Strategic Leadership

Strategic Communication

16- Exercise 4Improve the effectiveness of

management

D. Matten, A. Crane, and W. Chapple,(2003). Behind the Mask, op. cit. Journal of Business Ethics 44, 2/3 (2003): 95–105

Gaventa, J.,(2002). Exploring citizenship Participation and accountability. Volume 33, Issue 2;

Bibliography