Prepared by:MARIA ANGELA L. DIOPOL

MP-SP

Raymond Cattell’s Factor-Analytic

Trait Theory

Raymond Bernard Cattell

1905-1998

Cattell was born in England in 1905 to a family of engineers.Cattell was a bright student, graduating with his doctorate in psychology in 1929 from the University of London at 23.In 1937, Cattell was invited to the states by E.L. Thorndike in New York. It was in Illinois, that he spent his most productive years developing personality tests. In 1997, he was awarded a lifetime achievement award from the American Psychological Foundation.

Publications

Description and Measurement of PersonalityPersonality: A Systematic, Theoretical, and Factual Study

The Scientific Analysis of Personality

Structured Personality-Learning Theory

1946

1950

1983

1957

1966

Personality and Motivation Structure

1990 Handbook of personality

Psychological Tests

The Culture Free Test of IntelligenceThe O-A Personality Test Battery

The Motivation Analysis TestSixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire

1944

1954

1950

1973

1970

The Clinical Analysis Questionnaire

Cattell’s Approaches to Measuring the Structure of Personality

• Inductive method• 3 Media of Observation (L-data, Q-

data, and T-data)• Common and Unique Traits• Source and Surface Traits• Temperament, Motivation, and Ability• 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire

(16PF Scale)

Factor Analysis

• A complicated statistical method that

finds relationships among many

different or diverse items and allows

them to be grouped together.

Trait Theory

• An approach for analyzing the

structure of personality by

measuring, identifying, and

classifying similarities and

differences in personality or traits.

• Cattell views personality as a complex and differentiated structure of traits.

View of Personality

Q-Data

Questionnaire Data

Self-rating questionnaire

- Asking people to describe themselves in response to a set of standard questions.

T-Data

Objective test Data

- The creation of special situations in which the person’s behavior may be objectively scored.

L-Data

Life Record Data

- Actual records of the person’s behavior in society.

3 Major Sources of Data About Personality

Trait

• relatively permanent reaction

tendencies that are basic structural

units of the personality.

Traits

SURFACE TRAITSSURFACE TRAITS SOURCE TRAITSSOURCE TRAITS

The Nature of Personality:A Structure of Traits

ABILITY TRAITS

1. Fluid Intelligence

2. Crystallized Intelligence

TEMPERAMENT

• style and tempo of behavior

• largely constitutional (inherited)

DYNAMIC TRAITS

1. Attitudes2. Ergs3. Sentiments

(Sems)

The Nature of Personality:A Structure of Traits

16 PF

• Warmth• Reasoning• Emotional Stability• Dominance• Liveliness• Rule-Consciousness• Social Boldness• Sensitivity

• Vigilance• Abstractedness• Privateness• Apprehensiveness• Openness to

Change• Self-Reliance• Perfectionism• Tension

Global FactorsGlobal Factors were derived from

the primary traits. These describe the personality on a broader level.

• Extraversion• Anxiety

• Tough-Mindedness• Independence

• Self-Control

Help to find the right person for the job,and the right job for the person

Stages of Personality Development

In a memorial biography, Heather E. P. Cattell and John Horn wrote,

“…he must be considered among a very small handful of people in this century who have most influenced the shape of psychology as a science."

Cattell, H. E. P. & Horn, J. (2012). A short biography: Raymond Bernard Cattell. Retrieved from http://www.cattell.net/devon/rbcbio.htm

• Raymond Cattell's professional writings ranked as the seventh most frequently cited in psychology journals

• Cattell was ranked at number 16

S. J. Haggbloom et al. (2002), "The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century", Review of General Psychology, 6(2), 139-152.

REFERENCES

Cattell, R. B. (1946). The description and

measurement of personality. New York, NY:

Harcourt, Brace, & World.

Cattell, R. B. (1957). Personality and motivation

structure and measurement. New York, NY:

World Book.

Cattell, H. E. P. & Horn, J. (2012). A short biography: Raymond Bernard Cattell. Retrieved from http://www.cattell.net/devon/rbcbio.htm

Conn, S.R., & Rieke, M.L. (1994). The 16PF Fifth

Edition technical manual. Champaign, IL:

Institute for Personality and Ability Testing, Inc.

Feist,Jess and Gregory, Theories of Personality, 2010

Hall,Lindzey and Campbell, Theories of Personality,4th ed.,1998

Horn, J. (2000). Cattell, Raymond B. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed), Encyclopedia of psychology, 2, 55-57. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

Indiana University. (2007). Raymond B. Cattell. Human Intelligence. Found online at http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/rcattell.shtml

McEntarffer, R. and Weseley,A.J., Barron’s AP Psychology 5th ed.,2012

Morris, et al., Psychology:Concepts and Applications,2007.

S. J. Haggbloom et al. (2002), "The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century", Review of General Psychology, 6(2), 139-152.