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Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil War Section 2: The Civil War Begins

Tx history-ch-18.2

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Page 1: Tx history-ch-18.2

Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil War

Section 2: The Civil War Begins

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Thinking Question

What are the Union’s options

against the South?

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A Call to Arms

•April 1861: Confederate attack on Fort Sumter marked beginning of Civil War

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Fort Sumter—April 4, 1861

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Fort Sumter—April 1865

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A Call to Arms•Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers

•Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina secede

•Thousands of Texans rushed to join Confederate forces.

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A Call to Arms

•End of 1861: 25,000 Texans in Confederate army

•Regiments—units of about 1,000 soldiers

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A Call to ArmsTerry’s Texas

Rangers

B.F. Terry

Hood’s Texas Brigade

John Bell Hood

Ross’s Texas Brigade

Lawrence Sullivan Ross

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A Call to Arms

• Albert Sidney Johnston—Texan who was the second highest-ranking officer in the Confederate army until he was killed in battle

Albert Sidney Johnston

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Texas Readies for War

• Texas troop ill-equipped

• Texas government seized federal property

• Captured $1 million worth of supplies in San Antonio

• State’s resources put to use

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Resources & Strategies

•Northern Advantages:

–Larger population

–Railroads

–Factories

–Established government

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Resources & Strategies

•Southern advantages:

–Experienced military leaders

–Experience in riding horses and using firearms

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Resources & Strategies

•Confederate strategy:

–Defensive war

–South’s greatest resource for trade with the world was cotton

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Resources & Strategies

•Union strategy:

–Blockade of southern seaports

–Take control of the Mississippi

–Capture Richmond, Virginia—capital of Confederacy

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Resources & Strategies

•War in three theatres:

–East: Washington D.C. & Richmond

–Tennessee and Mississippi

–West of the Mississippi River

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The Major Battles of the Civil War

• Major battles took place east of the Mississippi

• First Battle of Bull Run (July 1861):

– Union attempt to capture Richmond

– Union forces drove out of Virginia

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Home destroyed during First Battle of Bull Run—July 1861

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The Major Battles of the Civil War

• Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862):

– Lee clashes with Union force in Maryland

– Union victory

– 12,000 Union casualties

– 13,000 Confederate casualties

– Bloodiest day in American History

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President Lincoln and Gen. George B. McClellan in the general's tent

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Allan Pinkerton, President Lincoln, and Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand

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Battle of Antietam—September 17, 1862

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Confederate Dead at Antietam

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The Major Battles of the Civil War

• Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863)

– Union victory

– Lee on defensive for the rest of war

– 23,000 Union casualties

– 28,000 Confederate casualties

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Soldiers at Gettysburg

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Union and Confederate Dead at Gettysburg

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The Major Battles of the Civil War

•The struggle to control the Mississippi River Valley was costly and of major significance to the war.

•Battle of Shiloh (April 1862):

–Costly for both sides

–Albert Sidney Johnston killed

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The Major Battles of the Civil War

•Siege of Vicksburg (July 1863):

–Controlled traffic on Mississippi

–Six week siege

–Confederacy split in two

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U.S.S. St. Louis (Ironclad)

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Section 2: The Civil War Begins

Northern Strategy Southern Strategy