TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi

Media Research

Paper ID-24305Paper code-BJ(MC)305

Manmeet Kaur

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

Types of Research The basic types of research are as follows:

(i) Descriptive vs. Analytical

(ii)Pure and Applied

(iii)Qualitative and Quantitative

1

Descriptive Research• Descriptive research includes

surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds.

• The main characteristic of this method is that the researcher has no control over the variables; he can only report what has happened or what is happening.

• Descriptive research attempts to determine, describe, or identify what is.

Analytic Research

• the researcher has to use facts or information already available, and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material.

• analytical research usually concerns itself with cause-effect relationships. It basically find out how actually the entire thing has happened.

• analytical research attempts to establish why it is that way or how it came to be

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

Examples

Examining the fluctuations of U. S. international trade balance during 1974-1995 is an example of descriptive research; while explaining why and how U.S. trade balance move in a particular way over time is an example of analytical research.

Starting from late 1986, the value of U.S. dollar value has steadily increased against the Japanese yen and German Mark.

Examining the magnitude of this trend in the value of U.S. dollar is another example of descriptive research; while explaining how and why this surge in the value of the U.S. dollar is occurring.

If one attempts to explain how and why this surge in the value of U.S. dollar is going to affect the U.S. economy, as well as the economies of Japan and Germany, this is another example of analytical research.

4

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

Content

The word descriptive means 'to describe', so example for descriptive questions would include: What color is it?

How much did it weigh? How Old? So basically a question that a description is required in the

answer. These answers can quite often one word answers. Analytical means 'to analyze', so an example of an analytical question would be: What best describes global warming?

So this means to answer this you would need to analyze the subject before you can answer it.

Applied• Applied research aims at

finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organisation.

• the central aim of applied research is to discover a solution for some pressing practical problem

Fundamental or Pure Research

• fundamental research is mainly concerned with generalizations and with the formulation of a theory.“Gathering knowledge for knowledge’s sake is termed ‘pure’ or ‘basic’ research.”

• whereas basic research is directed towards finding information that has a broad base of applications and thus, adds to the already existing organized body of scientific knowledge.

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

Applied vs. Fundamental: Research can either be applied (or action) research or fundamental (to basic or pure) research. Applied research aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organisation, whereas fundamental research is mainly concerned with generalisations and with the formulation of a theory. “Gathering knowledge for knowledge’s sake is termed ‘pure’ or ‘basic’ research.”

7

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

• Quantitative vs. Qualitative: Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. It is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity.

• Qualitative research, on the other hand, is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, i.e., phenomena relating to or involving quality or kind.

8

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

Content

• For instance, when we are interested in investigating the reasons for human behaviour (i.e., why people think or do certain things), we quite often talk of ‘Motivation Research’, an important type of qualitative research.

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

Content

• This type of research aims at discovering the underlying motives and desires, using in depth interviews for the purpose. Other techniques of such research are word association tests, sentence completion tests, story completion tests and similar other projective techniques.

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

Content

• Attitude or opinion research i.e., research designed to find out how people feel or what they think about a particular subject or institution is also qualitative research.

• Qualitative research is specially important in the behavioral sciences where the aim is to discover the underlying motives of human behavior.

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

THANK YOU