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US History 1865-1895 By: Bryten Phares Coach Buck 1 st 03-17-2013

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Page 1: Ushistorypowerpoint1865 1895 brytenphares

US History1865-1895

By: Bryten PharesCoach Buck 1st

03-17-2013

Page 2: Ushistorypowerpoint1865 1895 brytenphares

1863

Homesteader: Settlers that

settled on the free land

created by the

Homestead Act in 1862.

Sand Creek Massacre:

On November 29, 1864 Colonel John Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and Arapaho at

Sand Creek. They killed over 150 inhabitants.

1862

Homestead Act: Congress

passed this act, offering 160 acres of land free to any citizen or

intended citizen who was head

of the household.

1864 1864

Credit Mobilier:A construction company that

made a contract to lay track at two to three times the

actual cost and pocketed the

profits.

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1865

1866

1867

1867

Soddy: A sod home, like a

dugout, that was warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Soddys

were small and had little light or air.

Snakes, insects, and other pests were

attracted to these fire-resistant homes. These

homes were built mainly by

Homesteaders.

Oliver Kelley: He started the

patrons of husbandry, an

organization for farmers that

became popularly known as the

Grange.

Grange: An organization for

farmers that’s original purpose was to provide a

social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families. However, by the 1870s

the organization centered more towards fighting the

railroads. (The grange gave rise to the farmers’

alliances).

Great Plains: Grasslands

extending through the west central

portion of the United States of North America. The

cowboys, Native Americans and

farmers fought over this region during

1865

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1868

1870

Tweed Ring:A group of

corrupt Democratic

politicians that defrauded New

York City.

Monopoly: Complete control over an industries production, wages

and prices.

Greenbacks: A term used for

the United States paper dollar. In the mid 1800’s it

was a negative term because the dollar had

no secure financial backing 1869

Frederick Law Olmsted:

He planned landscaping for Washington D.C. and St. Louis. He

also drew the initial designs for the

Emerald Necklace; Boston’s parks

system.

1870

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1870

1870

1871

1871

Poll Tax:An annual tax that one must

pay before qualifying to

vote.

Grandfather Clause:

This Clause stated that if a man failed the literacy test or

could not afford the poll tax, he

could still vote if he, his father, or his grandfather

had been eligible to vote before

January 1, 1867.

Segregation:Laws that

separated White and Black

people in public and private facilities.

Jim Crow Laws:Laws that became popular because of an old minstrel song that ended with “Jump, Jim Crow”. Racial

Segregation was put into effect in

the South.

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1873

1873

Wild Bill Hickok: He was a scout and a spy during the civil war and

he later served as a Marshall in

Abalene, Kansas. He was in a

traveling show in 1873 that later

became known as Buffalo Bill’s Wild

west.

Kickbacks:Illegal

payments politicians

would ask for because of the services they rendered to businesses.

Tammany Hall:A New York City

political organization. Boss Tweed

became head of this corrupt

organization.

1871

1872

Trust: A term used

when participants turned their stock over to a group of

trustees.

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Patronage:A term used when

someone was given a

government job if they had helped a

candidate get elected.

Also known as the spoils system

during the Andrew Jackson

Administration.

1876

1874Andrew

Carnegie:Scottish

industrial mogul to make his own fortune. In 1873 he entered the steel business after touring a

British steel mill and seeing the

Bessemer process in

action.

1873

Alexander Graham Bell:Unveiled the

telephone which opened the way for a

worldwide communications network. He

unveiled it with Thomas Watson.

1876

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1876

1876

1876

Thomas Alva Edison:

Established the world’s first

research laboratory in

Menlo Park, New Jersey. Here is

where he perfected the incandescent

light bulb.

Telephone:The invention of the telephone

created new jobs for women and

changed the office workplace. Next to the light bulb, it was the most dramatic

invention.1876

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1877

1880

1880National Farmer’s

Alliance: Established on

March 21, 1877 by Grange members of New York state. This organization sought to organize to fight the railroads, tax system, and the

legalization of The Grange-Sponsored

Insurance Companies.

Ellis Island: A port in the New

York Harbor. Immigration stations were

located here. In 1880 congress made laws that

measured immigrants

during inspection.

Bessemer process:By 1880, American

manufacturers were using the

Bessemer process to produce more

than 90 percent of the nation’s steel.

This process injected air into molten iron to

remove the carbon and other impurities.

Nez Perce: Tribe of Native Americans who

fought an armed war with the US

government because they were being pushed off

land that was rightfully theirs.

1877

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Assimilation:Under this plan

Native Americans became part of

the white culture. They gave up

their beliefs and way of life.

1881

Booker T. Washington:

An African American educator who was born enslaved, but

later graduated from Virginia’s

Hampton Institute. He also headed the Tuskagee University

in Alabama.

1881

Melting Pot:A term used to describe the

mixture of people of different

cultures and races. They were

supposed to blend together

by giving up their native languages

and customs.

1882

Civil Service:Term used to describe the Government

Administration. Jobs were created so that the most qualified person would be hired.

Idea was to eliminate

patronage.1882

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1885

1885

Political Machine: A cities political

party was controlled by this organized group. In exchange for financial support it offered services

to voters and businesses.

Graft:The illegal use of political influence for personal gain became popular after a political

machine had their candidates in

office.

1886

Samuel Gompers: He lead the Cigar

Makers’ International Union to join with other

craft unions in 1886. He was a

major part of the labor movement and focused on

collective bargaining.

Collective Bargaining: The

negotiation between

representatives of labor and

management, to reach written

agreements on wages, hours and

working conditions.

1886

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1887

1889

Dawes Act: This act aimed to

“Americanize” the Native Americans.

It broke up the reservations and gave

some of the reservation land to individual Native Americans; 160 acres to

each head of the household and 80 acres to each unmarried adult.

Jane Addams: In 1889 Jane

Addams founded Chicago’s Hull

House with Ellen Gates Starr. She later became a co-winner of the

Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

George Eastman:He sold his first Kodak camera

that used roll-film. This film replaced

heavy glass plates.

1888

1886

Mail Order Catalog:Richard Sears

started his company in 1886.

The original Ward’s Catalog from 1872 grew from a single sheet the first year

to a booklet.

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1890

1890

1890

1892

Urbanization:A rapid growth of

cities. These cities were located mostly in the Northeast and Midwest. The technological

boom contributed to the growing

industrial strength that led to

urbanization.

Battle of Wounded Knee: December 28, 1890, the 7th Calvary

rounded up about 350 starving and freezing

Sioux and took them to a camp near Wounded Knee Creek, SD. The

next day soldiers opened fire and killed about 300 Sioux. This ended the Indian Wars

Era.

Sherman Antitrust Act:

Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other

countries.

Angel Island:Located in San

Francisco Bay on the West Coast. Asians immigrants entered the United States

through Angel Island. Immigrants endured

harsh questioning and long detentions in

places that had poor conditions.

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1892

Scabs:Strikebreakers

that were hired to keep a plant

operating. Henry Clay Frick hired a lot of Scabs for

his factories over the years.

Ida B. Wells:She was born

into slavery, but became editor of

a local paper. Her theme of racial justice

became a crusade which

led to her being lynched.

1892

Settlement Houses:

Community centers that

provided assistance mostly to

immigrants that lived in slum

neighborhoods.

1893

Gilded Age:A satirical novel written by Mark

Twain and Charles Dudley Warner. It

represents the time between the 1870s

and the 1890s. Twain exposes the

greed and self indulgence of his

characters.1894

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1895

1894

1894

William Randolph Hearst:

He purchased the New York

Morning Journal because he

wanted to outdo Joseph Pulitzer

by printing personal

scandals, cruelty and articles

about hypnotism.

Pullman Strike:Began because

George M Pullman cut his

employees’ pay and refused to lower rent. This was a violent

strike.

Eugene V Debs:He attempted to

form the American Railway

Union. He felt unions should include skilled and unskilled

workers.

W.E.B Du Bois:He was the first

African American to receive a

Harvard doctorate. He

strongly disagreed with Washington’s

approach.

1895

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1895

1896

1896

Jacob Riis:Police reporter, journalist and photographer

who documented the working and living conditions of the poor. He

was a Danish/American social reformer.

William Jennings Bryan: Delivered

the “Cross of Gold” speech on

July 8, 1896. Bryan won the

democratic nomination.

Cross of Gold Speech:

Advocated bimetallism. The democratic party wanted to change the value of the dollar to silver. This would help farmers pay off

their debts easier.

Plessy Vs. Ferguson:

The Supreme Court ruled that the separation of

races in public places did not

violate the fourth amendment.

1896

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