Variation in % of Rice Husk Ash with Cement for Improvement in Properties of Concrete

IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 3 | Issue 04 | September 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-6010

All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 128

Variation in % of Rice Husk Ash with Cement for

Improvement in Properties of Concrete

Nitin Goel R. K. Sharma

M. Tech. Student Head of Dept.

Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India

Sonu Gautam Faculty

Department of Civil Engineering

Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India

Abstract

The Rice Husk Ash can be used as an alternative material instead of ordinary Portland cement. This technology could reduce the

CO2 emission to the atmosphere caused by the cement industries. In the present investigation, a feasibility study is made to use

Rice Husk Ash as an admixture to replace Portland cement in Concrete, and an attempt has been made to investigate the strength

parameters of concrete (Compressive and Flexural). For control concrete, IS method of mix design is adopted and considering

this a basis, mix design for replacement method has been made. Five different replacement levels namely 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%

and 15% are chosen for the study concern to replacement method with range of curing periods starting from 7days and 28days

are considered in the present study. Therefore, this paper aims at experimental study of variation of percentage of rice husk ash

with cement for improvement in properties of concrete.

Keywords: Characteristic Strength, Portland Cement, RHA, Super Plasticizer, Split Tensile Strength

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION

This study is based on experimental work. This study will focus on standard concrete with characteristic strength of 40 N/mm2 at

28 days in which ingredients are Ordinary Portland cement and rice husk ash at different percentages such as 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5,

15 percent as binder, 20 mm coarse aggregate and river sand, Conplast SP440 as a super plasticizer. Different percentage of rice

husk ash will use as a partially replacement of cement and super plasticizer will use for improve workability. The percentage of

super plasticizer will depend upon the workability of concrete. The super plasticizer doses also depend upon the percentage

replacement of rice husk ash without loss of workability. By the use of different percentage of rice husk ash in OPC the optimum

value of replacement can be find by the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete. The

compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength test will be on universal testing machine with mould of cube,

cylinder and beam respectively at 7 days and 28 days. The durability test will be conducted after 28 days. The result will be

obtained and the comparison of properties will be done for the efficient construction.

The aim of the present investigation is:

To study different strength properties compressive Strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of Rice husk ash

concrete with age in comparison to Control concrete.

To study the relative strength development with age of Rice husk ash concrete with Control concrete of same grade.

To determine the optimum level of replacement of rice husk ash with ordinary Portland cement.

To determine the initial setting time and final setting time of rice husk ash concrete.

To determine the workability of Rice husk ash concrete with super plasticizer.

To conduct durability studies on Rice husk ash concrete with mineral admixtures.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

1) Gemma Rodrı´guez de Sensale (2006) presented a study on the development of compressive strength up to 91 days of

concretes with rice-husk ash (RHA), were used for comparison. Two different replacement percentages of cement by RHA,

10% and 20%, and three different water/cementicious material ratios (0.50, 0.40 and 0.32), were used. The results are

compared with those of the concrete without RHA, with splitting tensile strength and air permeability.

2) Rahmat Madandoust, Malek Mohammad Ranjbar, Hamed Ahmadi Moghadam, Seyed Yasin Mousavi (2011) studied the

effect of rice husk ash (RHA) on concrete properties and durability. To establish the suitable proportion of RHA for the

Variation in % of Rice Husk Ash with Cement for Improvement in Properties of Concrete (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 04/ 024)


partial replacement of cement, concrete mixtures with 0-30% RHA were produced and their mechanical properties were

determined.

3) Gemma Rodríguez de Sensale (2010) studied in the paper; the effects of partial replacements of Portland cement by rice-

husk ash (RHA) on the durability of conventional and high performance cementitious materials are investigated.

4) Ha Thanh Le, Sang Thanh Nguyen, and Horst-Michael Ludwig (2014) did an experimental study of the effect of RHA

blending on workability, strength and durability of high performance fine-grained concrete (HPFGC). The results show that

the addition of RHA to HPFGC improved significantly compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and chloride

penetration resistance.

III. EXPERIMENTAL WORK

The Experimental investigation is planned as under:

To obtain Mix proportions of Control concrete by IS method.

To conduct Compression test on RHA concrete and control concrete on standard IS specimen size 150x150x150 mm.

To conduct split tensile test on RHA concrete and control concrete on standard IS specimen size 150x300 mm.

To conduct Flexural test on RHA concrete and Control concrete on standard IS specimen size 100 x 100 x 500 mm.

To conduct durability test on RHA concrete on standard IS specimen size 100x100x100 mm.

Mix Proportioning of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) Concrete

In this method, five replacements of cement i.e., 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% with Rice husk ash (RHA) are done, where as

the total binder content remains the same. The mix proportions considered for each replacement by replacement method with

RHA are presented in tables Table – 1

Mix proportions of rice husk ash concrete for 5% replacement of cement

Mix Proportions of Rice Husk Ash Concrete for 5% Replacement

Grade of

Concrete

Cement in

Kgs

Rice Husk Ash

in Kgs

Fine Aggregate

In Kgs

Coarse Aggregate

In Kgs

Water In

Ltrs

Super

Plasticizer In Ltrs

M40 0.95 0.05 1.261 3.64 0.40 1

IN CUM 363.37 19.125 482.46 1394.06 153 3.63

Table – 2

Mix proportions of rice husk ash concrete for 7.5% replacement of cement

Mix Proportions of Rice Husk Ash Concrete for 7.5% Replacement

Grade of Concrete Cement In

Kgs

Rice Husk Ash

In Kgs

Fine

Aggregate In Kgs

Coarse

Aggregate In Kgs

Water In

Ltrs

Super

Plasticizer In Ltrs

M40 0.925 0.075 1.261 3.64 0.40 1

IN CUM 353.81 28.68 482.46 1394.06 153 3.53

Table – 3



Grade of Concrete Cement In

Kgs

Rice Husk Ash

In Kgs

Fine

Aggregate In Kgs

Coarse

Aggregate In Kgs

Water In

Ltrs

Super

Plasticizer In Ltrs

M40 0.90 0.10 1.261 3.64 0.40 1

IN CUM 344.25 38.25 482.46 1394.06 153 3.44

Table – 4

Mix proportions of rice husk ash concrete for 12.5% replacement of cement

Mix Proportions of Rice Husk Ash Concrete for 12.5% Replacement

Grade of

Concrete

Cement

In Kgs

Rice Husk Ash

In Kgs

Fine

Aggregate In Kgs

Coarse

Aggregate In Kgs

Water In

Ltrs

Super Plasticizer

In Ltrs

M40 0.875 0.125 1.261 3.64 0.40 1

IN CUM 334.68 47.81 482.46 1394.06 153 3.34

Table – 5



Grade of

Concrete

Cement In

Kgs

Rice Husk Ash

In Kgs

Fine

Aggregate In Kgs

Coarse

Aggregate In Kgs

Water In

Ltrs

Super Plasticizer

In Ltrs

M40 0.85 0.15 1.261 3.64 0.40 1

IN CUM 325.125 57.37 482.46 1394.06 153 3.25



Mixture Proportions of Rice Husk Concrete Investigated Table – 6

Mix proportions of rice husk ash concrete

Mixture Cement (kg/m3) RHA (kg/m3) Water (kg/m3) Fine aggregate (kg/m3) Coarse aggregate (kg/m3) SP (%)

0% 382.5 0 153 482.46 1394.06 3.82

5% RHA 363.37 19.125 153 482.46 1394.06 3.63

7.5% RHA 353.81 28.68 153 482.46 1394.06 3.53

10% RHA 344.25 38.25 153 482.46 1394.06 3.44

12.5% RHA 334.68 47.81 153 482.46 1394.06 3.34

15% RHA 325.125 57.37 153 482.46 1394.06 3.25

Results

Cube Compressive Strength

The cube compressive strength results at the various ages such as 7,28 days and at the replacement levels such as 0%,

5%,7.5%,10%,12.5% and 15% of rice husk ash are presented in Table. Table – 7

Compressive strength results of different age and different replacement level

RICE HUSK ASH % 7days (Mpa) 28days (Mpa)

0 29.2 41.71

5 27.38 43.35

7.5 27.95 46.68

10 26.94 Not yet tested

12.5 26.36 Not yet tested


Fig. 1: Influence of RHA on compressive strength

a) Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete At 7 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table – 7.1

Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 7 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA

Percentage Replacement Increase or Decrease In Strength

5% -6.198

7.5% -4.280

10% -7.739

12.5% -9.726

15% -21.198

b) Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 28 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table – 7.2



5% 3.931

7.5% 11.91

10% Not yet tested

12.5% Not yet tested

15% Not yet tested



Splitting Tensile Strength

The Splitting Tensile strength results at the various ages such as 7, 28 days and at the replacement levels such as 0%, 5%, 7.5%,

10%, 12.5% and 15% of rice husk ash are presented in Table. Table – 8

Split tensile strength results of different age and different replacement level


0 2.12 3.028

5 1.99 3.126

7.5 2.035 3.225




Fig. 2: Influence of RHA on split tensile strength

a) Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 7 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table – 8.1



5% -6.132

7.5% -4.00

10% -7.547

12.5% -9.905

15% -22.801

b) Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 28 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table – 8.2



5% 3.236

7.5% 6.505

10% Not yet tested


15% Not yet tested

Flexural Strength

The Flexural strength results at the various ages such as 7, 28 days and at the replacement levels such as 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%,

12.5% and 15% of rice husk ash are presented in Table. Table – 9

Flexural strength results of different age and different replacement level


0 3.67 5.24

5 3.58 5.622

7.5 3.62 5.73






Fig. 3: Influence of RHA on flexural strength

a) Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 7 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table - 9.1


Percentage Replacement Increase or Decrease in Strength

5% -2.452

7.5% -1.36

10% -3.81

12.5% -4.359

15% -14.986

b) Increase or Decrease in Strength of Concrete at 28 Days W.R.T % Replacement of RHA Table - 9.2


PERCENTAGE REPLACEMENT INCREASE OR DECREASE IN STRENGTH

5% 7.251

7.5% 9.351

10% Not yet tested


15% Not yet tested

Workability Test

The workability test of plain concrete and Rice Husk Concrete has done by compaction factor testing apparatus. The compaction

factor test is essential to find out the concrete is either workable or not. The compaction factor of plain concrete and Rice Husk

Concrete are presented in table. Table – 10

Workability test

NO. Rice Husk

ASH (%)

W/C

Ratio

Cement

(KG/M3)

Rice Husk ASH

(KG/M3)

Water

(KG/M3)

F.A

(KG/M3)

C.A

(KG/M3)

S.P (% WT. of

Cement)

Compaction

Factor

1 0 0.40 382.5 0 153 482.46 1394.06 3.82 0.904

2 5 0.40 363.37 19.125 153 482.46 1394.06 3.63 0.901

3 7.5 0.40 353.81 28.68 153 482.46 1394.06 3.53 0.88

4 10 0.40 344.25 38.25 153 482.46 1394.06 3.44 0.864

5 12.5 0.40 334.68 47.81 153 482.46 1394.06 3.34 0.842

6 15 0.40 325.125 57.37 153 482.46 1394.06 3.25 0.82

Setting Times

The initial setting time and the final setting times are at the various replacement levels such as 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and

15% of rice husk ash are presented in Table. Table – 11

Setting times of concrete at different replacement level of RHA

Paste Normal Consistency % Initial setting time (min) Final setting time (min)

OPC (test in winter) 30 220 320

5% of RHA (test in summer) 27 95 180

7.5% of RHA (test in summer) 30 125 180

10% of RHA (test in summer) 33 120 250

12.5% of RHA (test in summer) 35 140 245

15% of RHA (test in summer) 32.5 95 200



Durability Test (Saturated Water Absorption) Table – 12

Water absorption test of concrete of different replacement of RHA

Sample Saturated weight (Kg) Owen dried weight (Kg) Absorption (%)

0% 2.347 2.28 2.94

5% of RHA 2.366 2.30 2.89

7.5% of RHA 2.4906 2.42 2.917

10% of RHA Not yet tested Not yet tested Not yet tested

12.5% of RHA Not yet tested Not yet tested Not yet tested

15% of RHA Not yet tested Not yet tested Not yet tested

Cost Analysis Table – 13

Cost analysis of project work

% of

RHA

RHA

(KG)

Cost of

RHA

RS.

Cement

(KG)

Cost of

Cement

RS.

Fine

Aggregate

(Kg)

Cost of

Aggregate

RS.

Coarse

Aggregate

(KG)

Cost of

Aggregate

Rs.

S.P

(Kg)

45µ

Seive

Steel

Roads

0 0 0 34.59 290.55 43.59

305.13

126.04

882.28

0.3459

1 20

5 1.72 0 32.86 276.024 43.59 126.04 0.3286

7.5 2.6 0 31.99 268.716 43.59 126.04 0.3199

10 3.459 0 31.131 261.50 43.59 126.04 0.3113

12.5 4.33 0 30.26 254.184 43.59 126.04 0.3026

15 5.189 0 29.401 246.968 43.59 126.04 0.29401

Total

Weight

(Kg)

17.289 190.235 261.54 756.24 1.899

Total

Cost 0

1597.09

42 305.13 882.28 75.96 1050 4500

Grand

Total Rupees

IV. CONCLUSION

The compressive strength obtained after replacement of cement with rice husk ash is greater than that obtained from cement

alone.

The concrete prepared by replacing some % of cement by RHA is more workable.

Durability of the modified concrete increases in terms of water absorption.

The cost of modified concrete is less as compared to conventional concrete.

Setting time increase with the replacement of RHA.

Use of RHA in concrete proves to be better utilization of RHA and safe disposal also.

REFERENCES

[1] Gemma Rodrı´guez de Sensale: Strength development of concrete with rice-husk ash.(2005)

[2] V. Ramasamy: Compressive Strength and Durability Properties of Rice Husk Ash Concrete.(2011)

[3] Hwang Chao-Lung , Bui Le Anh-Tuan, Chen Chun-Tsun: Effect of rice husk ash on the strength and durability characteristics of concrete.(2011) [4] Rahmat Madandoust , Malek Mohammad Ranjbar , Hamed Ahmadi Moghadamb,

[5] Seyed Yasin Mousavi: Mechanical properties and durability assessment of rice husk ash concrete.(2011)

[6] Ha Thanh Le, Sang Thanh Nguyen, and Horst-Michael Ludwig: A Study on High Performance Fine-Grained Concrete Containing Rice Husk Ash.(2014)

Education

Variation in % of Rice Husk Ash with Cement for Improvement in Properties of Concrete