Water accounting sa

1Preferred supplier of quality statistics Water – May 06

Presentation to the User-Producer Conference: Water Accounting for Integrated Water Resource Management

Water Accounts in South Africa

Anemé MalanStatistics South Africa


Structure of presentation

• Background

• SA’s water policy

• Water resource accounts in SA

• Monetary analysis

• Way forward

• Comparison between countries


Background (1)

Water management areas of SA


Background (2)

• Average rainfall: 500 mm/annum (= 612 billion m3);• Natural Mean Annual Runoff: 49 billion m3;• Dam Storage Capacity: 32 billion m3;• Reserved for Ecological River Use: 9,5 billion m3;• 1:50 Yield: 13,2 billion m3;

– Surface water’s contribution to yield: 78%– Ground water’s contribution to yield: 8%– Usable Return Flows: 14%

Some figures


Background (3)

Yield


Background (4)

Development imperatives versus Water Scarcity

• Rural (domestic & stock watering);• Urban (Direct (domestic) & Indirect (industrial, commercial,

public));• Mining & Bulk (not via municipalities);• Power generation;• Irrigation;• Afforestation;• Transfers;


SA’s water policy (1)

National Water Policy (NWP)

• Adopted by Cabinet in 1997;

• 3 fundamental objectives to manage water resources

a) Equitable access to water

b) Sustainable use of water

c) Efficient and effective water use


SA’s water policy (2)

National Water Act (NWA) of SA 1998

• Principal legal instrument for implementing objectives of NWP

• Key provisions and fundamental changes include:

a) Transforming legal access and rights to water;

b) Ensuring provision of water for basic human need and protection of aquatic ecosystems;

c) Decentralising water management through more enabling institutions;

d) Pricing for financial and environmental sustainability, ecn. efficiency and social equity;

e) Refocus on water conservation and demand management;

f) NWRS of 2004;


Water resource accounts in SA (1)

• Towards WRA for RSA 1991-1998 (RANESA;

CSIR; DEAT/Stats SA/DWAF/WRC/AG);

• Upper Vaal River Account (Stats SA; Conningarth);

• Accounts for 2000 (Stats SA);

• Draft updated accounts for 1995 and 2000

(Stats SA; RANESA; CIC);



• Constructed Flow Accounts 1st step: I-O matrix for 20 areas for 1995 and 2000.

Used SEEA guidelines consistent with NWA & NWRS

Advantages:

1) Provides non-econ with easier interpretation of water flows in econ framework

2) Prevent double countingduring interpretation & application of complex hydrological numbers

2nd step: Some macro-ecn adjustments to national I-O table to ensure consitency with SEEA guidelines.

3rd step: National I-O WRA converted to the adjusted

UN SUT-format.



• Some differences Yield instead of MAR Environmental reserve Classifications – ISIC vs NWRS (e.g. Rural

development and stream flow reduction unique to SA?)

• Stock accounts were not compiled - this is not useful for SA water managers

• Various types of analyses were done (e.g. Pathways - and spatial analyses )



Water flow account structure: I-O framework

Environment Distributors

Production Total

Environment

Distributors

Production

Total

Supply

Use



Environment• Atmosphere and sea• Natural MAR• Surface water yield• Ground water• Soil water• Ecological reserve

Distributors• DWAF (total yield)• Irrigation boards• Water boards• Municipalities• ROW and other WMAs

Link with DWAF

Irrigation

Rural (stock watering)

Afforastation

Mining

Power generation

Bulk

Urban (indirect (industrial,Commercial, public))

Urban (direct (domestic))

Rural domestic

Production (ISIC?)• Agriculture

Dry land and irrigation

Livestock

Plantation

• Mining

• Electricity

• Other Bulk industrial

• Other commercial and industrial

• DomesticUrban

Rural


Monetary analysis

• Expenditure on water by ecn sector;• Indicators of income & empl supported

by water use in production;• Tarrifs on water use;• Expenditure and subsidies on water by

distribution sectors;

Using other data sources e.g. SUT, NA


Way forward

• Hydrologists and Economists;

• Construction of monetary accounts: Water pricing is important for water demand management;

• Water quality, specifically the impact of water quality on the water yield (volume);

• Policy;


Comparison between countries (1)

499869Per capita water use except agriculture (m3

per capita)

95365157Per capita water use (m3per person)

14214 830256Total water use (million m3)

BotswanaSouth Africa

Namibia

Water use in Namibia, South Africa, Botswana in 1996



Water use by sector in Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, 1996 (%)

311329Households

993Services,Trade, Govt.

112Manufacturing

11310Mining

487358Agriculture

BotswanaSouth Africa

Namibia



National income generated per m3 of water used by sector, 1996 (pula/m3 of water used)

Namibia South Africa Botswana

Agriculture 6 2 8

Mining 54 61 420

Manufacturing 189 98 437

Services, trade, Govt.

542 155 724

GDP per m3 of water input

45 25 124

GDP per m3 of water input (excl. agricul.)

108 87 158


Thank you

Anemé Malan

[email protected]

www.statssa.gov.za

Education

Water accounting sa