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Combination of Boyle’s, Charles’, Gay-Lussac’s Law
No parameter is held constant
Remember, all are expressed in ABSOLUTE terms, not GAUGE terms!
Gas at 6.895 × 106 Pa and 38 °C is contained in the 50.8 m3 cylinder as shown below. A piston compresses the volume to 38.1 m3 while the gas is heated to 93 °C. What is the final pressure in the cylinder?
Ans: 1.09 × 107 Pa
Definition: The use of compressed air in order to generate force that can produce mechanical movement
Pneumatics has been used for carrying out mechanical tasks for a long time
Important applications: ◦ Determine the status of processors (sensor) ◦ Switching of actuators by means of final control
elements ◦ Carrying out work (actuators)
Advantages of pneumatics ◦ Raw material freely available ◦ Easily transportable and stored ◦ Can be used in high temperatures ◦ Clean ◦ Fast ◦ Explosion proof ◦ Parts are easy to design & build
Disadvantages ◦ Preparation ◦ Compression ◦ Force limitations ◦ Noise
The product development in pneumatics can be considered in number of:
◦ Actuators
◦ Sensors and output devices
◦ Processors
◦ Accessories
◦ Control systems
Factors in development of pneumatics control system: ◦ Reliability and safety of operation ◦ Ease of maintenance ◦ Cost (economy, spare parts, etc) ◦ Assembly and connection ◦ Interchangeability and adaptability ◦ Compact design ◦ Operation efficiency