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CHAPTER 4Section 5 Notes
SHI HUANGDI Shi Huangdi---means “first emperor” Zheng proclaimed himself this title Shi Huangdi built the strong,
authoritarian government of the Qin dynasty
Unified all of China---banned feudalism and replaced feudal states with 36 military districts
Capital of the Qin dynasty was at Xianyang
SHI HUANGDI (FORMERLY ZHENG)
XIANYANG
SHI HUANGDI To promote unity, Shi Huangdi
standardized weights and measures and replaced the diverse coins of the Zhou states with Qin coins
Shi Huangdi cracked down on opposition---he jailed, tortured, and killed people who opposed his rule---he also burned all literature and philosophy books only sparing books on medicine and agriculture
THE GREAT WALL Shi Huangdi’s most remarkable and costly
achievement was the Great Wall Hundreds of thousands of laborers worked for
years through bitter cold and burning heat They pounded earth and stone into a
mountainous wall almost 25 feet high topped with a wide brick road
Eventually, the Great Wall would snake its way across thousands of miles of northern China
The wall became an important symbol to the Chinese people---dividing and protecting their civilized world from the nomadic peoples north of the wall
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
GREAT WALL OF CHINA Let’s watch a video on the Great Wall of
China!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLMV
ZohnCwA&feature=player_detailpage
SHI HUANGDI Shi Huangdi thought his empire would
last forever (doesn’t everyone!) After his death in 210 B.C., anger over
heavy taxes, forced labor, and cruel policies exploded into revolts
Shi Huandi’s tomb is quite impressive!!!
SHI HUANGDI’S TOMB
SHI HUANGDI’S TOMB
SHI HUANGDI’S TOMB
SHI HUANGDI’S TOMB
SHI HUANGDI’S TOMB
SHI HUANDI Let’s watch a video about Shi Huangdi’s
tomb!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YV19
yTkVtsQ&feature=player_detailpage
THE HAN DYNASTY Liu Bang, an illiterate peasant leader,
defeated rival armies and founded the new Han dynasty
Liu Bang claimed that his power was based on the Mandate of Heaven
As emperor, he took the title Gao Zu and restored order and justice to his empire
He appointed Confucian scholars as his advisers
The Han dynasty lasted from 206 B.C.-220 A.D.
THE HAN DYNASTY The most famous Han emperor was Wudi He strengthened the government and economy,
chose officials from Confucian scholars, and set up an imperial university at Xian
Economic growth was increased by improving canals and roads
He set up granaries set up across the empire so the government could buy surplus grain and sell it at stable prices when it was scarce
Set up a government monopoly on iron and salt---the sale of iron and salt gave the government a source of income other than taxes on the peasants
WUDI
THE HAN DYNASTY Wudi’s expansionist policy increased the
amount of territory under Chinese control
He fought many battles to expand China’s borders and drive nomadic peoples beyond the Great Wall
Chinese armies added outposts in Manchuria, Korea, northern Vietnam, Tibet, and Central Asia
Soldiers, traders, and settlers slowly spread Chinese influence across these areas
THE HAN DYNASTY Wudi opened up the Silk Road that
linked China to the west for centuries The Chinese traded silk for goods from
the west such as grapes, figs, cucumbers, walnuts, furs from Central Asia, glass from Rome, or muslin from India
Eventually the Silk Road stretched for 4,000 miles linking China to the Fertile Crescent
Goods were relayed in stages from one set of traders to another
THE SILK ROAD
THE HAN DYNASTY Han emperors made Confucianism the
official belief system of the state A scholar-official was expected to match
the Confucian idea of a gentlemen---courteous, dignified, and possess a thorough knowledge of history, music, poetry, and Confucian teachings
Han emperors believed government officials should get jobs based on merit rather than family backgrounds
THE HAN DYNASTY Began a system of exams to find the
most qualified government officials Civil service exams were given at the
local, provincial, and national levels Usually only the wealthy could afford
the years of studying to pass the exams; women were closed out of government jobs
CIVIL SERVICE EXAMS
THE HAN DYNASTY Eventually the Han empire began to
collapse Local warlords began to gain more
power Weak emperors let canals and roads
break down Peasants revolted over the heavy taxes
and crushing debt In 220 A.D., the last Han emperor was
overthrown China then broke up into different states
with some controlled by outside invaders
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE HAN GOLDEN AGE Han scientists wrote books on chemistry,
zoology, botany, and other subjects Observed and measured movements of the
stars and planets---helped to improve calendars
Invented a simple seismograph to detect and measure earthquakes
Wang Chong---believed that comets and eclipses WERE NOT caused by heaven’s anger
He also believed that no scientific theories should be accepted unless they were supported by proof
WANG CHONG
DON’T CONFUSE WANG CHONG WITH WANG CHUNG!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoXu
6QmxpJE&feature=player_detailpage
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE HAN GOLDEN AGE Chinese physicians diagnosed diseases,
experimented with herbal remedies, and developed anesthetics
Some doctors explored the medical use of acupuncture
Acupuncture---inserting needles under the skin at specific points to relieve pain or illness
ACUPUNCTURE
ACUPUNCTURE
ACUPUNCTURE
CUP ACUPUNCTURE
LET’S LEARN ABOUT ACUPUNCTURE!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXgV
z4ZqAxo&feature=player_detailpage
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE HAN GOLDEN AGE In it’s time, Han China was the most
technologically advanced civilization in the world
Made durable paper out of wood pulp Invented the rudder to steer ships Invented wheelbarrows, suspension
bridges, and chain pumps
CHINESE EMPIRE Shi Huangdi, Gao Zu, Wudi, and later
Han rulers forged a vast and varied land into a united China
Han rulers created an empire roughly the size of the continental United States
During this period, Chinese officials established the pattern of government that would survive until 1912