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Presentation On:

Tallest Skyscraper inthe world.

BURJ KHALIFA (828m)In Dubai.

Presented By:Rohit Arora

(BE Final yr BCE)M.B.M Engineering

College Jodhpur

Contents2

Introduction

Site Plan

Records

Challenges

Excavation

Foundation

Casting of Structure

Concrete Used

Casting of RCC walls.

Structural System

Shape

Buttressed core

The Spire

Mechanical Rooms

Elevators

Cladding

Test for Cladding

Glass Panels

Evacuation and Fire Safety

Environment friendly

Introduction3

The Burj Khalifa is the ever built tallest

man made structure.

Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Project Completion: 2010

Site Area: 104,210 m2

Project Area: 454,249 m2

Number of Stories: 162

Building Height: 828 m

Use: Commercial + Office,

Hospitality, Mixed Use,

Residential

Architect : Adrian Smith

Structural Engineer: Bill Baker

The tower was constructed by a UAE based construction company EMAAR.

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SITEPLAN

Records

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Tallest existing structure : 829.8 m ( 2,722 ft ) Tallest structure ever built : 829.8 m ( 2,722 ft) Building with the most floors : 163 Highest vertical concrete pumping( for a building) :

606 m building with world’s highest occupied floor World’s highest elevator installation World’s longest travel distance elevators : 504 m World’s tallest structure that includes residential

space World’s highest installation of an aluminum and

glass facade : 512 m World’s highest night club : 144th floor World’s highest restaurant (At.mosphere) : 122nd

floor at 442 m World’s second highest swimming pool: 76th floor

Challenges Faced

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High Temperature of Dubai resulted in shorter setting time.

Devastating sandstorms in the area.

Wind Velocity at such a height.

Loose and weak soil in the region.

Formation of vortex.

Heat resistance of structure.

Speed of construction.

Excavation

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The soil stratum of Dubai is very week so they had to excavate up to 50m deep to get a hard rock structure

But the rock that they found was fragile and saturated with ground water

So that any hole made will be cured immediately

The engineers filled this with a viscous polymer slurry

This pushes the rock and the ground water to the edges of the boreholes to keep it open

This slurry is denser than water and liter than

concrete, so that when concrete is pumped the

concrete displaces the fluid and forms the

foundation.

194 piles were constructed

for avoiding the sinking of this

structure.

Foundation

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The superstructure is supported by a large reinforced concrete mat, which is in turn supported by bored reinforced concrete piles. The design was based on extensive geotechnical and seismic studies.

The 1.5 meter diameter x 43 meter long piles represent the largest and longest piles conventionally available in the region.

A high density, low permeability concrete was used in the foundations.

Cathodic protection system

under the mat, to minimize

any detrimental effects form

corrosive chemicals in local

ground water.

Casting of the structure

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The casting of the whole structure is mainly done by two materials

1. Concrete

2. Steel

Over 30,000 tons of steel were used

About 250,000 m3 concrete was also used

The reinforced concrete acts as the backbone of the whole structure.

The pump needs 630HP to pump about 25000 tons of concrete

It had took about 14mints for reaching the concrete to the 150th floor

They completed every new floor in 3 day .

Concrete used 10

High performance concrete(HPC)

Low permeability

High durability

C80-C60 cube strength concrete was used

It includes fly ash, Portland cement

Two largest concrete pumping machines in the world were used for this purpose

For reducing cracks due to high temperature concreting was done only at night

Casting of RCC walls11

For simplicity and speed the engineers made no. of steel cages

These cages were inserted to the formworks that can be moved easily

After installation of cages concrete was filled in these formworks

Only took 12hrs for the setting of concrete.

After setting the concrete the formworks would move to the next level with in 2hrs.

Structural System

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The spiraling “Y” shaped plan was utilized to shape the structural core of Burj Khalifa.

This design helps to reduce the wind forces on the tower, as well as to keep the structure simple and foster constructability.

The structural system can be described as a “buttressed core”, and consists of high performance concrete wall construction.

At mechanical floors, outrigger walls are provided to link the perimeter columns to the interior wall system, allowing the perimeter columns to participate in the lateral load resistance of the structure

Shape 13

They made a study on the Sears tower at Chicago.

Burj Khalifa was designed in triangular shape because it was suitable to deflect the wind to different ways.

Triangular shape reduces vortex effect.

Buttressed core14

The three wings allow for greater building height by buttressing one another by a central core hence it is called buttressed core structural system

This buttressed core is a six sided central piece

So that it is called a Hexagonal Hub

This hub is surrounded by the three wings

These three wings afford the torsional resistance and the twisting of the tower

This hub encloses the elevators

The Spire

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The crowning touch of Burj Khalifa is its telescopic spire comprised of more than 4,000 tons of structural steel.

The spire was constructed from inside the building and jacked to its full height of over 200 metres (700 feet) using a hydraulic pump.

Creates a sense of completion for the landmark.

Also houses communications equipment.

Mechanical Floors

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Seven double-storey height mechanical floors house the equipment that bring Burj Khalifa to life.

Distributed around every 30 storeys.

house the electrical sub-stations, water tanks and pumps, air-handling units etc, that are essential for the operation of the tower and the comfort of its occupants.

Elevators and Escalators 17

The Burj can accommodate about 35,000 people at a time

Consist of 57 elevators and 8 escalators

The biggest elevator carries about 46 people at a time

These elevators travel at a speed of 35km/hr

The Burj has a service/firemanselevator which have a capacity to hold about 5,500kg

And this is the worlds tallest service elevator.

Cladding of the tower18

The Burj is claded with high-tech glass which forms as a curtain wall.

The exterior cladding is comprised of reflective glazing with aluminum and textured stainless steel spandrel panels and stainless steel vertical tubular fins.

If the whole cladding has to be done with high-tech glass which will cost about 100 million dollars.

Test for the Cladding against Storm

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The cladding should withstand the heavy sand storms that with in include water and dust

Prototypes were selected and with the help of propellers artificially created storm was allowed to hit the glass panels at a greater speed

The glass panels withstands the storm up to 75km/hr .

Glass panel20

The outer layer of panel is coated with a thin layer of metal so that it reflects the UV radiations

The inner layer of panel is coated with thin layer of silver so that it reflects the IR radiations.

The exterior cladding is comprised of reflective glazing with aluminum and textured stainless steel spandrel panels and stainless steel vertical tubular fins.

Close to 26,000 glass

panels, each individually

hand-cut, were used in

the exterior cladding of

Burj Khalifa.

Speed of construction and Cranes

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For erecting such a structure in the sky steel and glass panels have to be raised

The cranes consist of two plates on the two sides

It could jump from one floor to the another

So that they were called the kangaroo cranes

So as to speed up the construction the RCC walls was done in a simple and clever engineering way

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The Burj is naturally fire resistant as the concrete backbone is already fire resistant

More than that the Burj consist of refuge rooms

These refuge rooms are made of RCC and fire proof sheets that resist the heat up to 2hrs

These refuge rooms has a special supply of air which pumps through fire resistant pipes

There are 9 refuge rooms, one in every 30 floors.

The Burj fire safety system mainly consist of 3 components

i. A smoke detector

ii. Water sprinkler

iii. High power fans

As the water is sprinkled the fire gets extinguished and

the high power fans supplies fresh air by pushing the

smoke out

Evacuation and Fire Safety

Environment Friendly 23

Water heating

The Burj utilizes solar power

378 panels each with an area of 2.7sq.m were installed

These panels have the

ability to heat 140,000 lit

of water when supplied

with just 7hrs of day light.

This is equal to

32,000KW of energy

provided .

Environment Friendly 24

Condensate recovery system

Collects water condensate from the air conditioning system

And diverts it to an irrigation tank

It provides about 15 million gallons of water per year

This water is used for irrigation of landscape around the Burj

Reduces water related expenses

Environment Friendly25

Air ventilation

Air ventilation provided at the top reduces the energy consumption

Air at the top of the building is cooler, has low density and relatively humid

Its ideal for ventilation

Less energy is required to maintain the comfortable condition

References26

www.Burjkhalifa.ae

www.wikipedia.com

www.slideshare.net

www.som.com