Concentrating Solar PowerAlternate Energy sources

Prepared By :- Azaz Andani Dhaval Pansuriya Jaydeep Kanetiya Ravi Loriya Nilkanth Despandey

Content

Introduction

Types of CSP Technologies

Technology Selection

Efficiency of CSP

Cost of CSP

Global potential of CSP

Commercial status of CSP technology

CSP Plant in India

The Future

Introduction

CSP means Concentrating Solar Power which produce electricity by converting the sun’s energy into high temperature heat using various mirror or lens configurations.

Electrical power is produced when the concentrated light is

converted to heat, which drives a heat engine connected to

an electrical power generator or powers a thermo-chemical

reaction.

The first patent for a solar collector was obtained by the

Italian Alessandro Battaglia in Genoa, Italy, in 1886.

The 354MW Solar Energy generating system is still the

largest solar power plant in the world

Types of CSP Technologies

CSP technology have been characterized by Performance, commercial readiness, cost, reliability, and technical risk. There are six technologies that are in now a days.

Parabolic trough without storage.

Parabolic trough with storage.

Parabolic trough with hybrid fossil.

Parabolic dish.

Power tower.

Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV).

It focuses the sunlight on a glass-encapsulated tube runningalong the focal line of the collector. The tube carries heat absorbingliquid, usually oil, which in turn, heats water to generate steam.

Parabolic Trough

Parabolic Dish

The parabolic dish tracks the sun to focus heat, which drives a sterling heat engine-generator unit. This technology has applications in relatively small capacity (tens of kW) due the size of available engines and wind loads on the dish collectors.

Power Tower

A solar power tower consists of an array of dual-axis tracking reflectors that concentrate sunlight on a central receiver atop a tower; the receiver contains a fluid deposit, which can consist of sea water. The working fluid in the receiver is heated to 500–1000 °C and then used as a heat source for a power generation or energy storage system.

Concentrating Photovoltaic

Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) plants provide power by focusing solar radiation onto a photovoltaic (PV) module, which converts the radiation directly to electricity.

Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems have potential for cost reduction compared with conventional, non-concentrating (also referred to as flat plate) PV systems due to use of smaller cells allows more advanced and efficient cell technology.

Technology Selection for benefit Analysis

Black & Veatch has chosen the parabolic trough technology as the CSP for economics benefits analysis because much more detailed information on construction and operation costs and performance is available for this technology than other CSP technologies.

There are currently 354 MW of trough generation in the SEGS

plants in southern California, a 64 MW plant under construction

in Nevada, and several 50 MW or larger trough plants are in

various stages of development around the world. Other

technologies do not have significant commercial operating

experience.

Efficiency of CSP Plant

For thermodynamic solar systems, the maximum solar efficiency can be deduced by considering both thermal radiation properties and Carnot's principle.

By putting the value of efficiency of Carnot and receiver in above equation

Cost of CSP Energy

As of 9 September 2009, the cost of building a CSP station was typically about US$2.50 to $4 per watt, while the fuel is free. Thus a 250 MW CSP station would have cost $600–1000 million to build. That works out to $0.12 to 0.18 USD/kWh.

Global Potential of CSP

Commercial Status of CSP technology

The largest group of solar systems in the world is the Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) I through IX parabolic trough plants in the Mohave Desert in southern California. The SEGS plants were built between 1985 and 1991 and have a total capacity of 354 MW. These plants have generally performed well over their 15 to 20 years of operation. On August 2, 2005, Southern California Edison publicly announced the completion of negotiations on a 20-year power purchase agreement with SES for between 500 to 850 MW of capacity (producing 1,182 to 2,010 GWh per year) using parabolic dish units. On September 7, 2005, SES announced a contract with San Diego Gas & Electric to provide between 300 and 900 MW of solar power using the dish technology.

There are no commercial power tower plants in operation. The 10 MW Solar One plant near Barstow, California, operated from 1982 to 1988 and produced over 38 GWh of electricity.

CPV systems are being offered by Amonix, Inc., a US manufacturer, and Solar Systems Pty, Ltd, an Australian firm. These systems are offered in 25-35 kW sizes. There are 547 kW of Amonix systems deployed at APS.

Ten Solar Systems dish PV systems have been deployed since 2003, for a total capacity of 220 kW, with the construction of an additional 720 kW under way.

The Future

A study done by Greenpeace International, the European Solar Thermal Electricity Association, and the International Energy Agency's Solar PACES group investigated the potential and future of concentrated solar power. The study found that concentrated solar power could account for up to 25% of the world's energy needs by 2050.

Finally, the study acknowledged how technology for CSP was improving and how this would result in a drastic price decrease by 2050. It predicted a drop from the current range of €0.23–0.15/kwh to €0.14–0.10/kwh.

On 9 September 2009; 4 years ago, Bill Weihl, Google.org’s green-energy spokesperson said that the firm was conducting research on the heliostat mirrors and gas turbine technology, which he expects will drop the cost of solar thermal electric power to less than $0.05/kWh in 2 or 3 years.

Solar power in India

Name(main) Location State Capacity(MW)

Charanka solar parkCharanka village, Patan

Gujarat 221

Welspun Energy Rajasthan Solar Project

Phalodhi Rajasthan 50

Bitta Solar Power Plant (Adani Power)

Bitta, Kutch District, 

Gujarat 40

Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park Pokhran Rajasthan 40

Moser Baer - Patan Gujarat 30

Mithapur Solar Power Plant (Tata Power) - Mithapur

Gujarat 25

Azure Power – Sabarkantha,Khadoda village,

Gujarat 10

OrissaPatapur

Orissa 09

SN State MWp %CB SN State MWp %CB

1.Andhra Pradesh 41.75 3.18

9.Maharashtra 20.0 1.52

2.Chhattisgarh 4.0 0.30

10.Orissa 13.0 0.99

3. Delhi 2.5 0.19 11. Punjab 9.0 0.69

4.Gujarat 654.8 49.90

12.Rajasthan 510.25 38.89

5.Haryana 7.8 0.59

13.Tamil Nadu 15.0 1.14

6.Jharkhand 4.0 0.30

14.Uttar Pradesh

12.0 0.91

7. Karnataka 9.0 0.69 15. Uttarakhand 5.0 0.38

8. Madhya Pradesh 2.0 0.15 16. West Bengal 2.0 0.15

Total 1312.10 100

References

www.wikipedia.com

Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California L. Stoddard, J. Abiecunas, and R. O'Connell Black & Veatch Overland Park, Kansas

SolarPaces2009

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