P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Graphene roadmap and graphene based composites Emad Omrani 1

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Table of Contents Section Name Introduction Properties of Graphene Applications of Graphene Composite materials Gaps of the current state of art 2

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Graphene Graphite is stacked of several graphene sheets along the c-axis with an interlayer spacing of 0.34 nm. The bonding between carbon atoms are very strong while the there is weak Van Der Waals interaction among the layers. two-dimensional single atomic carbon sheet of sp2-bounded synthesizing graphene in large quantities: thermal evaporation of silicon carbide chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of graphene on metal carbides or metal surfaces wet chemical synthesis of graphene oxides followed by the reduction 3

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Graphene One reason that graphene research has progressed so fast is that the laboratory procedures enabling us to obtain high-quality graphene are relatively simple and cheap. The graphene is categorized in three different category based on the quality of the resulting graphene o Graphene or reduced graphene oxide flakes for composite materials, conductive paints, and so on o Planar graphene for lower- performance active and non- active devices o Planar graphene for high- performance electronic devices 4

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Properties of Graphene Supreme Properties Mechanical properties Stiffness Strength Elasticity high electrical conductivity thermal conductivity While properties of graphene depend quality type of defects substrate These extreme properties are combined in one material means: it eligible for various applications graphene could replace other materials in existing applications. 5

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| 6

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Properties of Graphene MD simulations predict the mechanical properties of single graphite layer yielding of 0.912 TPa Quantum mechanical approach elastic modulus for armchair graphene and zigzag graphene are 1.086 and 1.05 TPa, respectively Using nanoindentation of the atomic force The Youngs modulus and intrinsic tensile strength are1.02 TPa and 130 GPa, respectively 7

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Flexible electronics meets the electrical and optical requirements (sheet resistance reaching 30V per square of 2D area in highly doped samples) excellent transmittance of 97.7%per layer fracture strain of graphene is ten times higher indium tin oxide (ITO) is replaced with garaphene touch screen displays, e-paper (electronic paper) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) Application of Graphene Electronic Devices 8

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Application of Graphene Photonics Photodetectors Optical modulator Energy generation and storage Solar cells Lithium-ion batteries Paints and coating Conductive ink Electromagnetic-interference shielding Gas barrier coating Corrosion barrier 9

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Application of Graphene The previous studies focus on metal matrix and polymer matrix composites to Manufacture: Lightweight high strength Self-lubricating The mechanical properties of graphene reinforced polymer composites are considerably below their theoretically predicted potential because of graphene sheet agglomeration Another important factor is uniform distribution. Composite materials In comparison with polymers, GNS- based MMCs have been little researched because of the difficulty of exfoliating the graphite flakes the as-synthesized nanocomposites were nonuniform it was difficult to obtain the graphene- based composites. Additionally, the difficulty in large-scale synthesis of these composites becomes an obstacle in its application. Another problem of graphene is poor bonding formation between metal and carbon sheet. 10

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Graphene-based polymer composites show superior: Mechanical properties Thermal properties gas barrier Electrical properties flame retardant properties compared to the neat polymers. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show comparable mechanical properties to graphene, still graphene is better nanofiller than CNT in certain aspects such as thermal and electrical conductivity. Application of Graphene Polymer matrix composite 11

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| A mild ultrasonic treatment of graphite oxide in water results in its exfoliation to form stable aqueous dispersions Polymer matrix composite A typical AFM non-contact-mode image of graphite oxide sheets deposited onto a mica substrate from an aqueous dispersion (inset) with superimposed cross section measurements taken along the red line indicating a sheet thickness of 1 nm. The quality of nanofiller dispersion in the polymer matrix directly correlates with its effectiveness for improving mechanical, electrical, thermal, impermeability and other properties. 12

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Test results showed that heat treatment of such composites to 300 C, well above the glass transition temperature of polystyrene (100 C), does not result in agglomeration of the graphene sheets (as assessed from extensive SEM imaging), suggesting their thermal stability over a broad temperature range. To obtain the true value of the conductivity of the composites, a separate measurements of in-plane and transverse resistances has been done. A rapid increase in the direct current electrical conductivity of composite materials takes place when the conductive filler forms an infinite network of connected paths through the insulating matrix. Polymer matrix composite 13

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Gaps of the current state of art Investigate mechanical properties at different graphene content 14

P: 555.123.4568 F: 555.123.4567 123 West Main Street, New York, NY 10001 www.rightcare.com| Thank you 15