PRESENTED BY Shashikumar v

ROLL/USN NO : 52

MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

R V COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGDepartment of electronic and communication

Objective What is a solar cell ?

a solar cell converts optical energy directly into electrical energy.

It is essentially a semiconductor device fabricated in a manner which generates a voltage when solar radiation falls on it.Efficiency of solar cell is less, it only converts 30-40% of energy incindent on it to electrical energy.Need to use solar energy : pollution free

maintenance free silent operation long life time.Efficiency of solar cell increased by a technique called maximum power point tracking, by installing this

technique we can get additional 20-30% of extra energy.

MethodologyPhase 1 :Introduction to maximum power point tracking (MPPT).Need of MPPT.Different types of techniques for MPPT.

perturb and observe technique (P&O) incremental conductance (INC).

Phase 2 :Introduction to charge controller and and their need for MPPT.Present and upcoming research in finding most efficient MPPT technique.Modelling of standalone pv system.

IntroductionWhat is MPPT ?

It is an electronic system that operates the photovoltaic modules in a manner to extract the maximum power from the system.What is maximum power point ?

It is a operating point at which maximum power can be extracted from the system.Usually represented as MPP.The output of solar module is a function of solar irradiance, temperature.Generally MPPT is installed in between PV system and load.Coupling to the load for maximum power

transfer may required either providing a higher voltage at lower current or lower voltage at higher current.

Mechanical Component

DC motor RPM of dc motor

Design of solar panel anti reflection coating

Photo electric effectHelioelectrical process

Electronics Component

where Isc is the light - generated current Voc is light – generated voltage

Perturb and observe( hill climbing)

The concept behind the P&O method is to modify the operating voltage or current of the PV panel until you

obtain maximum power from it. The tracker operated by periodically incrementing or

decrementing the solar array voltage. In this we use only voltage sensor,to sense the pv array

voltage. Hill climbing method fail under rapid environment change

conditions.

Incremental conductance Incremental conductance uses two voltage and current

sensors to sence the output voltage and current pf the pv array

Here we are sensing both current and voltage simultaneously.hence the error due to change in irradience

is eliminated.however the complexicity and cost of implementation increases.

Mathematical Component Incremental conductance

Based on fact that slope of P-V

zero at MPP. Negetive on right of MPP

Positive on left of MPP The MPP can be tracked by comparing the instantaneous conductance

(I/V) to the incremental conductance.

This technique can instantly calculate i/v and di/dv to deduct the direction of the perturbation leading to the MPP.

Programming in C

Flow chart of incremental conductance

The algorithms are implemented in a microcontroller or a personal computer to implement maximum power tracking.

Micro controller AT89S52 is used to controll & interface,sensors and motor. The microcontroller is low power,high performance,COMS-8 bit micro controller with 8k bytes,

Micro controller checks the voltage obtained at various points & stops the panel at maximum voltage point.

Reference• Y.Kou,et.AL.,”Maximum Power Point tracking controller for Photovoltaic energy conversion

system,”IEEE Trans.Ind .Electron.,Vol.48,pp.594-601,2001.• S.Jain and V.Agarval,”A New Algorithm for Rapid Tracking of Approximate Maximum Power

point in photovoltaic systems ,”IEEE power Electronic Letter.,Vol.2,pp.16-19,m.2004.• J.A.Jiang et.AL.,”Maximum power tracking for photovoltaic power systems,” Tamkang

Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol.8, No. 2,pp . 147-153,2005.• E.Koutroulis;et.al,” Development of a microcontroller based photovoltaic maximum power

tracking control system”,IEEE trans.On power Electron., Vol. 16No. 1, pp. 46-54,2001.• R.Faranda and S.Leva,”Energy Comparision of MPPT techniques for PV Systems ,”WSEAS

Transaction on Power Systems “ Vol.3, pp.446-455.

THANK YOU