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1 STEREOSCOPIC IMAGING

Stereoscopic imaging 1

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STEREOSCOPIC IMAGING

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CONTENT Introduction History of stereoscopic imaging How stereoscopy works Techniques of stereoscopic imaging 1. Film photography 2. Digital photography How to view stereoscopic images Stereoscopic viewers 1. Active viewer 2.Passive viewer Stereo camera Types of stereo camera Application Future enhancement Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion References

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32D IMAGE 3D IMAGE

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2D AND 3D IMAGES

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DRAWBACKS OF 2D IMAGING Only one image for the left and right eye of the

viewer. Lack in detailing. Requires numbers of views to analyze the solids.

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EMERGENCE OF STEROSCOPIC IMAGING??

The drawbacks of 2D imaging lead to invention of stereoscopic imaging.

A.D. Euclid, in 280 A.D. firstly recognize that if each eye simultaneously view two different images of same object , depth perception is obtained.

3D imaging is in general stereoscopic imaging.

Stereoscopic means solid view or 3D view of an object.

Derived from Greek words, “stereo” means “solid” and “scopy” means “look or view”.

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1833 Sir Charles Wheatstone develops the first stereoscope, reflecting mirror camera called stereopsis and the first stereo pairs.

1849 The twin lens camera is developed specifically for stereoscopic photography.

1861 The “kinematascope” creates the first moving 3D images, which were hand drawn.

1890s

First films (of any kind) and stereoscopic shorts are created and shown.

1920s

Anaglyph and eclipse method (or shutter method) 3D shorts are exhibited.

1934 The polarized method is used and the first full feature stereoscopic film is released.

1952 The first colour 3D film “Bawana Devil” in U.S.A. is released.

1990s

Visual Effects and digital post production process becomes common.

2000s

Films move towards complete digital pipeline. Films shot digitally, post-production done digitally and projected digitally.

HISTORY OF STEREOSCOPIC IMAGING

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2009 Fusion Camera System is used in James Cameron’s “Avatar”. Avatar becomes highest grossing film of all time.

2010 The Consumer Electronics Show(CES) features prototype 3D TV.

2011 The world’s first dedicated 3D TV channel , South Corea’s SKY 3D was launched .

HISTORY OF STEREOSCOPIC IMAGING (CONTD.)

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HOW STEREOSCOPY WORKS?? Side-by-side positioning of

our eyes creates a view of the same area with a slightly different angle for each eye.

The brain takes the information from each eye and unites them into one picture, interpreting the slight differences between each view as depth.

This produces a three-dimensional picture: one with width, depth and height.

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TECHNIQUES OF STEREOSCOPY There are two techniques of producing

stereoscopic imaging:-1. Film photography2. Digital photography

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1.FILM PHOTOGRAPHY

Aim is to take two photos from different horizontal positions.

This can be done by two separate side by side cameras or by stereo cameras.

At least three lenses are required in a stereo camera.

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2. DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY There are stereo

lenses which turn an ordinary camera into a stereo camera by using a special double lense.

In 2009 digital stereo camera such as FUJI W1 began appearing in the consumer market.

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HOW TO VIEW STEREOSCOPIC IMAGES

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STEREOSCOPIC VIEWERS There are two technology of stereoscopic

viewers:-1. Active2. Passive

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1. ACTIVE VIEWER Active viewers have electronics

which interact with a display.  This technology is active

shutter system. It is also known as liquid crystal shutter glasses.

Each eye’s glass has liquid crystal layer which has the property of becoming dark when voltage is applied being otherwise transparent.

Its drawback is that it has “time parallax” for anything side moving.

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2. PASSIVE VIEWERPassive viewers filter constant streams of

binocular input to the appropriate eye. Passive viewing can be done by many ways:1. PolarizationSystem:- Superimposing of two

images projected on same screen through polarizing filters.

2. Interference Filter System:- Specific wavelengths of RGB for each eye to create effect. Dolby 3D, Omega 3D/ Panavision 3D uses this technology. It is also known as spectral comb filtering or wavelength multiplex visualization.

3. Color Anaglyph System:- 3D effect by encoding each eye’s image by different color filters.

4. Chromadepth System:- Based on the fact that with a prism colours are separated by varying degrees. The chroma depth eyeglass contain a special view foil which consist of microscopically small prisms.

                                                                  

Chromadepth glasseswith prism-like film

                                                                  

Anaglyph 3D glasses

RealD circular polarized glasses

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STEREO CAMERAS It is a type of camera with two or more

lenses with a separate image sensor. Stereo cameras may be used for making

stereo views and 3D pictures for movies. The distance between the lenses in a stereo

camera is 6.35mm.

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TYPES OF STEREO CAMERAS

Types of stereo cameras are:-

1. Kodak Stereo Camera

2. Loreo3. Nimslo 3D4. Fujifilm Fine Pix

real 3D5. Samsung NX-300

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APPLICATIONS Amusement

1. Stereographic Cards2. 3D Films3. Stereoscopic Video Games

o Printing1. Pictures and posters 2. Books of autostereograms3. Holograms

o Arto Educationo Space Exploration

Various spaceships are equipped with small cameras that allow researchers to view stereoscopic images of the surface of the planets.

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FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Future enhancement of stereoscopic imaging is Auto Stereoscopy.

Auto stereoscopy is the method of displaying 3D images without use of special equipment of glass.

Because headgears are not required in auto stereoscopy so it is also called “Glass-Free 3D”.

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ADVANTAGES It facilitate diagnoses , treatment and

surgical planning. It increases clinical productivity. It gives better view of any object so its study

becomes easy .

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DISADVANTAGES This technology requires high cost. It is not available everywhere. This technology uses eye glasses which

becomes uncomfortable for the person wearing spectacles.

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CONCLUSION

The added perception of depth makes 3D imaging or stereoscopic imaging so important.

With stereoscopic imaging, we see exactly where our surroundings are in relation to our own bodies.

Stereoscopy is the most progressing field in today’s world.

Stereoscopic imaging is used in almost all variety fields from Entertainment to medical sciences and research.

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REFERENCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscopy http://computer.howstuffworks.com/3d-pc-gla

sses1.html http://stereoscopy.co/more/history http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/classroom/how.sht

ml http://inspiregate.com/audio-a-video/video.ht

ml

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QUERIES?

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