STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF FLY ASH BASED GEO POLYMER CONCRETE WITH 20MOLAR NAOH ACTIVATOR

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp.

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976

© IAEME Publication Scopus

STUDY ON THE BEHAVIO

GEO POLYMER CONCRETE

PG Student, Civil Engineering Department,

Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department,

ABSTRACT

Background/Objectives: Green house gas emissions are the main problem in the present

scenario. The amount of Green house gas emissions are increasing and CO

gas which effects the environment and leads to global warming.

paper deals with the alternate materials for the

CONCRETE) and it reduces the emission of

is converted into useful material. This Geo polymer concrete is a mixture of

like sodium silicate and its hydrox

fly ash. Findings: The strength of geo polymer concrete is increased with molarity of NaOH.

20 molarity is used in this paper. The reaction of alumina, silica present in flyash with alkal

results in aluminosilicate which acts as a binder useful in high quality of green concret.

paper different tests are conducted to find properties

as well as compressive) for 3,

in gaining knowledge about the morophological composition of concrete which might result in

path-breaking trends in construction industry.

Key words: Fly Ash, Geo Polymer Concre

Cite this Article: T.Narendra and N.Srujana, Study On The Behaviour of Fly Ash Based Geo

Polymer Concrete with 20molar Naoh Activator

Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp. 826

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1. INTRODUCTION

Now a day’s content of CO2 is increasing drastically in earth’s atmosphere

directly or indirectly emit more amount

couldn’t digest, in which our ordinary Portland

In order to protect the environment, which to be done at great magnitude, necessity for

IJCIET/index.asp 826

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) , pp. 826–833, Article ID: IJCIET_08_01_097

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=

6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

Scopus Indexed

STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF FLY ASH BASED

GEO POLYMER CONCRETE WITH 20MOLAR NAOH

ACTIVATOR

T.NARENDRA

PG Student, Civil Engineering Department,

K L University, A. P, India

N.SRUJANA


K L University, A. P, India

Green house gas emissions are the main problem in the present

Green house gas emissions are increasing and CO

gas which effects the environment and leads to global warming. Methods/Statistical Analysis:

paper deals with the alternate materials for the cement which is a green concrete (GEOPOLYMER

CONCRETE) and it reduces the emission of CO2. Fly ash is a byproduct of thermal industry which

is converted into useful material. This Geo polymer concrete is a mixture of

like sodium silicate and its hydroxide form along with other products like metakolin in addition to

The strength of geo polymer concrete is increased with molarity of NaOH.

molarity is used in this paper. The reaction of alumina, silica present in flyash with alkal

results in aluminosilicate which acts as a binder useful in high quality of green concret.

paper different tests are conducted to find properties which include strength (flexural,

7and 28 days for 20M. Applications/Improvements:


breaking trends in construction industry.

Geo Polymer Concrete, Molarity, Alkaline Solution,

T.Narendra and N.Srujana, Study On The Behaviour of Fly Ash Based Geo

Polymer Concrete with 20molar Naoh Activator . International Journal of Civil Engineering and

826–833.


is increasing drastically in earth’s atmosphere. There are many products which

directly or indirectly emit more amount of CO2 than permissible limit or amount which the atmosphere

ordinary Portland cement (OPC) fall at higher rank in construction industry.

In order to protect the environment, which to be done at great magnitude, necessity for

[email protected]

&IType=1

UR OF FLY ASH BASED

WITH 20MOLAR NAOH


Green house gas emissions are the main problem in the present

Green house gas emissions are increasing and CO2 one of the greenhouse

Methods/Statistical Analysis: This

a green concrete (GEOPOLYMER

. Fly ash is a byproduct of thermal industry which

is converted into useful material. This Geo polymer concrete is a mixture of various components

ide form along with other products like metakolin in addition to

The strength of geo polymer concrete is increased with molarity of NaOH. The

molarity is used in this paper. The reaction of alumina, silica present in flyash with alkalin base

results in aluminosilicate which acts as a binder useful in high quality of green concret. In this

which include strength (flexural, split tensile

Applications/Improvements: This study helps


Ambient Curing

T.Narendra and N.Srujana, Study On The Behaviour of Fly Ash Based Geo

International Journal of Civil Engineering and


There are many products which

than permissible limit or amount which the atmosphere

(OPC) fall at higher rank in construction industry.

In order to protect the environment, which to be done at great magnitude, necessity for alternative

Study On The Behaviour of Fly Ash Based Geo Polymer Concrete with 20molar Naoh Activator

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 827 [email protected]

materials to be introduced, which is environment friendly and economical aroused in front of researchers,

one of the alternative materials is geo-polymer concrete, which can replace general or ordinary concrete

and is environmentally friendly product. Not only to reduce the CO2, but also increase the compressive

strength than OPC and uses the byproduct, which in turns helps in effective disposal.

The accretion appeal for the ecology affable architecture is the reason acceptable architecture material

development. The various issues like ambient conditions, hand to mouth living conditions along with

surrounding ecological conditions are the spoil sport which can hamper the development. The major GHC

promoting product and activity arresting in nature. The allergory to Portland cement coupled with low

GHC emission is possible with Geo-polymers. Geo-polymers as well display above engineering backdrop

when chosen between the counterparts. Attrition to factors like reaction with sulphate, bases, etc can be

resisted using green concrete with reduced levels of calcium content1-7

.

Sustainability is the need of the hour and it is the major driving factor in case of architecture and

construction based firms which is often combined with economic feasibility factor also in case of

manufacturing of construction materials. Based on the user specification constraint including commercial

and ecological aspects, the performance of the manufacturing item is determined. In general, it is to be

noted that that it increases the content of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere and most complex

method of its production is also witnessed among the counterparts.

Green concrete is need of the hour which is far better than the manufacturing materials of the similar

kind. Green concrete with low content of calcium tend to possess high quality of strength and resistance of

external environmental constraints and compounds8-16

.

The term geo-polymer was introduced by Davidovits in 1978.Geopolymer is an industrial by product

like flyash, bagasseash, Low calcium flyash(CLASS F) was used.The curing process of Geo-polymer

concrete plays a vital role in physical properties of hardened concrete. It can be done by ambient and oven

curing process. In oven curing process external heat is supplied, but in practical conditions providing the

entire structure external heating source is a difficult task and which is not possible17-20

.

Despite the fact that OPC is in extensive usage in construction and architecture industry for ages, it

releases green-house gases into the atmosphere at the time of manufacturing. Geopolymer concrete is the

recent technology used to reduce OPC.

Fly ash reacts with acrid solutions to anatomy a cementitious material; fly ash based geopolymer does

not afford carbon dioxide. In this work, pond ash is advised as fractional backup for beach as accomplished

accumulated in the geopolymer concrete. Fly ash and pond ash are residues from agitation of coal. Hence

in this paper we studied and found a method, where ambient curing is also as such effective as oven curing.

This paper summarizes the behaviour of fly ash based Geo-polymer concrete with the specified molarity of

NaOH activator5-16

.

Palomo ,Grutzeck and Blanco1 investigated the acrid activation of decay materials. has become an

important breadth of analysis in abounding laboratories because it is accessible to use these abstracts to

amalgamate bargain and ecologically complete adhesive like architecture materials. In the present paper,

the apparatus of activation of a fly ash (no added solid actual was used) with awful acrid solutions is

described. These solutions, fabricated with NaOH, KOH, baptize glass, etc., the artefact of the

acknowledgment is an baggy aluminosilicate gel Mechanical strengths with ethics in the 60 MPa ambit

were acquired afterwards abating the fly ash at 85 C for alone 5 h.

Anurag, Deepika2 and his advisers advised after-effects of an beginning abstraction on the Green

concrete characteristics. The composition of sodium hydroxide considered is 16M, 8M and 12M along

with 72 hours,24 hours and 48 hours abating time respectively. Baptize assimilation, compactness strength

along with Compressive strength based tests were conducted on various chemical compositions.

ParthibanShobana3 and his fellows investigate the Chemical Admixture does not show any impact on

Compressive Strength but shows considerable increase in the workability of the concrete. The Specimens

have been cured in ambient temperature condition to check the suitability of Geopolymer concrete for cast-

T.Narendra and N.Srujana


in-situ conditions. 7 day strength was found to be 70% of its 28 days strength, the 28 days strength is

higher compared to OPC.

Ganapati, Adhiseshu4 and his fellows investigate replacement of Fly ash for 5 different GGBS content

(upto 40%) and 8M NAOH solution and NA2SIO3/NAOH ratio was 2.5 taken and the result indicates that

high amount of slag is present, the compressive Strength of 31.85 at 3 days achieved. From the paper it is

aswell assured that the replacement of flyash with green concrete does not disturb its properties such as

strength or to that matter any significant change in composition. Compressive Strength (upto 90%) was

accomplished in 14 canicule and the boilerplate body of Geopolymer concrete compared to OPC.

Partha, Prabir and Pradip5 advised that the GGBS added to (0 to 20%) of absolute binder, cogent access

in Backbone and some abatement in workability empiric on Geopolymer concrete. The accession of

GGBFS added ambience of the accurate at ambient temperature. The backbone accretion slowed down

afterwards the age of 28 canicule and continues to access at a slower amount until 180 days. The delayed

consequence of admixture variables on the improvement of minimization spine was agnate to that on the

advancement of compressive quality.

Supraja and Kantarao6 advised that in adjustment to aftermath GGBS added Geopolymer accurate

altered Molarities 3M, 5M, 7M and 9M are taken to adapt altered mixes. The Cube Specimens are taken of

100mm*100mm*100mm.Two altered abating are agitated oven abating at 50C and Direct Sunlight Curing.

The Result shows that there is no cogent access in backbone of oven convalescent specimens afterwards 3

canicule of Geopolymer accurate and the backbone of Geopolymer accurate is accretion with the access of

the chastity of Sodium Hydroxide. Sunlight abating is added acceptable for applied conditions.

Madheshwaran, Gnansundar, Gopalkrishnan7 instructed the variation with respect to GGBFS in precise

has been prompted and Longer subsiding time greater the Polymerization activity and delayed

consequences in compressive Strength. Higher the Molar Ratio (7 M) with Higher GGBS (100%)results in

the Higher Compressive Backbone and Split minimization spine .By this compressive Backbone in the

ambit of 45Mpa to 60 Mpa is expert and Highest is for 100% GGBS. Aside from action seriousness, the

GPCs advance the mechanized rot for bearing the bounden plan in cement, there are both feel and

Economical Benefits of Using Fly fiery debris and GGBS. The increase of Naphthalene based Super

Plasticizer pleasant included than 2% barely decrease the Compressive Strength.

Ravindra and Somnath8 advised that with the Increase of silica agreeable in flyash, the admeasurement

of Spherical shaped unreacted fly ash particles in the Geopolymercast advertence accumulation of added

aluminosilicate gel which after-effects in the added compressive strength. When the silica agreeable above

4 by (Sio2/Al2o3) leads to abridgement in acuteness and abatement in Backbone while lower baptize

agreeable in the mix, Higher was the Compressive Strength. Filler Actual like Sand Reduces arise and

improves the porosity of the Composite and its accession aswell reduces the abundance of Binder adhesive

authoritative the actual added economical. The Setting time of Geopolymer is aswell best at Higher Silica

content.

Pradip and Prabir9 investigated the Fly ash Geopolymer mixtures were designed adding GGBFS upto

30% of total Binder and curing is at ambient Temperature. By adding 30% GGBFS Compressive Strength

about 55 Mpa has been achieved.The compactness of the Gel increased when SlagContent is higher in the

paste.

MatghewSudhakar and Natarajan10

investigated that with the increase of GGBS content, Compressive

Strength is gradually increases .in this Coal Ash and GGBS

Combination is taken along with 15M Alkaline Solution and total replacement of about 30% is taken

into consideration and Higher Compressive Strength up to 57Mpa is achieved .However the Cost of GGBS

added Geopolymer is 7% Higher than OPC but when we Consider Strength aspect, it is almost 3 times than

OPC at 7 days.



2. REQUIRED EXPERIMENTAL COMPONENTS

The list of manufacturing items along with required materials required to perform the tests are given by

• Metakaolin

• Coarse aggregate

• Alkaline liquid: Sodium hydroxide and Sodium Silicate

• Fine aggregate

• Fly ash

2.1. Fly ash

The test material is taken from Vijayawada Thermal Power Station (VTPS), Ibrahimpatnam. Generally, the

material is collected from electrostatic precipitator (ESP) hoppers. Table 1 gives the composition of the

material considered for testing and supplied by VTPS and from the theortical knowledge it is very well

understood that it belongs to ClassF (ASTM C618).

Table 1: Flyash Composition

S. No. Name of the Chemical % by weight

1 Sulfate (SO4) 1.24%

2 Magnesium Oxide (MgO) 0.91%

3 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) 0.42%

4 Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3 + Fe3O4) 4.17%

5 Calcium Oxide (CaO) 6.20%

6 Alumina (Al2O3) 20.21%

7 Silica (SiO2) 64.08%

8 Loss on Ignition (LOI) 1.07%

2.2 Coarse aggregate

The coarse aggregates of the type (10mm coarse aggregates) are used for testing. In general, the coarse

aggregate is the type which is sustained on as IS sieve of size 4.75.

2.3. Fine aggregate

Fine aggregate is the natural river sand. Fine aggregate is characterized by any presence of small quantities

of carcinogenic impurities or balls of clay in it . Silt content should not exceed 4%.

2.4. Alkaline Liquid

The experimental setup tries to use activator in the form of sodium silicate along with alkaline liquid. Here,

sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in flake form is used although both flake as well as pellet forms are available.

In general, it is well known fact to everbody's conscience that the preference of liquid is either silicate form

or oxide form (the commonly used metallic compositions include sodium and potassium).

2.5. Metakaolin

If the metakaolin used only purpose is easily removed specimen for even shape. So, 20%metakaolin was

used.


3. METHODOLOGY

3.1. Alkaline liquid synthesis

The composition of NaOH is 40 molecular weight in this paper obtained dissolving of flake form in

constrast to the pellet form of NaOH in wate r(water after distillation is usually preferred for this type of

processes). The flakes dissolved without any res

solution. This NaOH should prepare before 24hours of casting.

of casting and mixed thoroughly.

3.2. Mix Design

For, 20Molarity geo-polymer mix 3 different proportions

The normal ratio preferred is 0.45 ( activator to fly ash).

3.3. Geo-polymer concrete preparation

The aggregates and flyash were mixed, then the alkaline activator solution was added to it and mixing is

continued till a uniformity is observed. It was found that the fresh fly ash based geo

was cohesive and dark in colour.

3.4. Preparation of specimens

The mix is placed in cubes of size 150mm×150mm×150mm, Beams of size 500mm×100mm×100mm and

cylindrical moulds of size 150mm diameter and 300mm height.

3.5. Curing

The specimens were kept for ambient curing at room temperature (24

and 28 days after de-moulded for 24 hours casting.

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1. Compressive Strength

It is most essential property of the manufacturing material and it I vital to determine the performance of

various material based on the above characteristics of this sole property. The curing time varies in direct

proportion to the compressive strength. Compression tests were carried out at 3, 7and 28 days curried at

ambient indoor room temperature. The compressive

are shown in fig.1





processes). The flakes dissolved without any residue, now remaining water is added to make 1liter

solution. This NaOH should prepare before 24hours of casting. Na2SiO3were added to NaOH before 20min

polymer mix 3 different proportions Na2SiO3were prepared i.e. 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3.

The normal ratio preferred is 0.45 ( activator to fly ash).

polymer concrete preparation


nued till a uniformity is observed. It was found that the fresh fly ash based geo


cylindrical moulds of size 150mm diameter and 300mm height.

The specimens were kept for ambient curing at room temperature (240C) till the tests conducted for 3, 7

moulded for 24 hours casting.

SIONS



e compressive strength. Compression tests were carried out at 3, 7and 28 days curried at

ambient indoor room temperature. The compressive test was conducted as per IS: 516

Figure.1 Compressive strength for cubes

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idue, now remaining water is added to make 1liter

were added to NaOH before 20min

prepared i.e. 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3.


nued till a uniformity is observed. It was found that the fresh fly ash based geo-polymer concrete mix


C) till the tests conducted for 3, 7



e compressive strength. Compression tests were carried out at 3, 7and 28 days curried at

was conducted as per IS: 516 – 1959.the results

Study On The Behaviour of Fly Ash Based Geo Polymer Concrete


4.2. Flexural Strength Test

Flexural strength is carried out on beam specimens

maximum load is noted. The flexural strength results are shown in fig.2 are obtained from the conducting

of the test using compression machine as per IS:

Figure 2

4.3. Split Tensile Strength Test

It is also one of the crucial properties of the manufacturing material and is one of the indirect tension test.

The split tensile strength results are given in fig. 3 as the test conducted as per standard specifications at

normal operating conditions (compression testing machine as per guidelines IS:

Fig

5. CONCLUSIONS

The papers presents the following conclusions pertaining to the results and various tests conducted.

• The Na2SiO3 to NaoH by mass equal to 1:3 has resulted into the higher strength as compared to the ratio of

1:2 and 1:2.5 for the geopolymer concrete.

• Compressive strength of concrete increases 30% for 7days, flexural strength of concrete increases 40% for 7

days and split tensile strength 50% for 7 days when compared to 3 days strength.

• Compressive strength of concrete increases 42% for 28 days, flexura

28 days and split tensile strength 60% for 28 days when compared to 7 days strength.

• The concentration of NaOH varies in direct proportion to the green concrete strength.

f Fly Ash Based Geo Polymer Concrete with 20molar Naoh Activator


on beam specimens and load deflection curve, maximum deflection and


ion machine as per IS: 516: 1959.

2 Results of Flexural strength obtained from the test

. Split Tensile Strength Test


ile strength results are given in fig. 3 as the test conducted as per standard specifications at

normal operating conditions (compression testing machine as per guidelines IS:

Figure.3 Split tensile strength for cylinders

apers presents the following conclusions pertaining to the results and various tests conducted.

to NaoH by mass equal to 1:3 has resulted into the higher strength as compared to the ratio of

1:2 and 1:2.5 for the geopolymer concrete.

Compressive strength of concrete increases 30% for 7days, flexural strength of concrete increases 40% for 7


Compressive strength of concrete increases 42% for 28 days, flexural strength of concrete increases 45% for


The concentration of NaOH varies in direct proportion to the green concrete strength.

ith 20molar Naoh Activator

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and load deflection curve, maximum deflection and


Results of Flexural strength obtained from the test


ile strength results are given in fig. 3 as the test conducted as per standard specifications at

normal operating conditions (compression testing machine as per guidelines IS: 5816: 1999)

apers presents the following conclusions pertaining to the results and various tests conducted.

to NaoH by mass equal to 1:3 has resulted into the higher strength as compared to the ratio of

Compressive strength of concrete increases 30% for 7days, flexural strength of concrete increases 40% for 7


l strength of concrete increases 45% for


The concentration of NaOH varies in direct proportion to the green concrete strength.



• The curing time in general and from the tests conducted in particular varies in direct relation to the green

concrete compressive strength.

• Geopolymerconcrete tend to show no significant physical change in its properties at normal operating room

temperature which is observed in case of normal variety. The complete setting of Geopolymer concrete

specimens will take upto 72 hours without any reminisces on the surface on which it is hardened.

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