1. 20 thCentury Architecture and Design into the 21st Century Modern to Post-Modern

2. Modernism

After 1900 artistic innovation in Europe and the US increased in a rapid succession of movements, or isms.The modern movement lasted through the first half of the 20 thCentury.

Modernismrejects old, traditional ideas and stylesin art and design

Although Modernist styles are diverse,art moved toward abstractionbased on line, color, shape, space, and texture

Modern architecture and designmoved toward abstraction and rejected historical styles and ornamentation

Modern architecture reveals rather than conceals the inner structure of the building

3. Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau began in France

(Late 19 thCentury Early 20 thCentury)

Art Nouveau incorporates Organic and Natural Forms into the decoration

Architecture +Interior Design, Fashion, Graphic Arts, Decorative Arts

4. LouisSullivan American Louis Sullivan ,Carson, Pirie, Scott Building(Chicago), 1899-1904 5. LouisSullivan American

Art Nouveau( organic / natural motifs and decoration

UsedCast iron decorationon first and second floors

Large display windows

Louis Sullivan ,Carson, Pirie, Scott Building(Chicago), 1899-1904 6. AntonioGaudi Spanish Antonio Gaudi ,Casa Mila(Barcelona, Spain), 1907 7. AntonioGaudi Spanish

Apartment building incorporatingorganic form( Art Nouveau)

Designinspired bythe discovery of theAltamiraCaves (Prehistoric Caves in Spain)

Gaudi was trained as anironworkerbefore he became an architect

Gaudi created buildings asliving things

Antonio Gaudi ,Casa Mila(Barcelona, Spain), 1907 8. DeStijl(The Style)

Began in1917by a group ofartists in Holland

balance between individual and universal values

Integration ofArt and Life

GeometricForms / Purity and Simplicity

9. GerritRietveld

Garrit Rietveld , Schroder House (Utrecht, Holland) 1924

10. GerritRietveld

Garrit Rietveld , Schroder House (Utrecht, Holland) 1924

Rietveld was a furniture maker and architect

Schroder House combines geometric forms and primary colors with black, white, grey

simple, open spaces

furniture designed by Rietveld

11. ArtDeco

Movement in 1920s and 1930sassociated withthe Jazz Age

Began in France , but spread toother parts of Europe, USA, and around the world

People still wanted decorationdespite the de Stijl and other modern movements eliminating all unnecessary decoration

Industrial Design Combined with Fine Art Elements(industrial materials (metal) and objects + patterns and repeated shapes)

Industrial Design cars, household appliances, fashion, decorative objects, architecture

Inspiration from Ancient Cultures , including Egypt

12. The Chrysler Building New York William van Alen(American),The Chrysler Building(New York) ,1928 - 1930 13. The Chrysler Building New York William van Alen(American),The Chrysler Building(New York) ,1928 - 1930

Exterior made ofstainless steel

Art Decomotifs repeated shapes(triangles, etc.)

Built for Car Manufactuer,Chrysler Automotive Company

Monument to theRoaring 1920s

14. Prairie Style

American Midwest ArchitectFrank Lloyd Wright invented the Prairie Stylein early 20 thCentury

Related toThe Arts and Crafts Movement , using craft, including stained glass windows, ceramics, and wood carpentry

Wright preferred thecountrysideto the city

Natural Materials / Natural Environment

Inspired byJapanese Architecture(long, low buildings with open interior spaces).Wright designed a hotel in Tokyo(now demolished)

15. Frank LloydWright American Frank Lloyd Wright ,Falling water(Pennsylvania, USA) 1935 - 1937 16. Frank LloydWright American Frank Lloyd Wright ,Falling water(Pennsylvania, USA) 1935 - 1937

harmony with nature

Builtover awaterfall

Natural materials

Japanese influence

17. Frank LloydWright Frank Lloyd Wrightdesigned everything for the interiorsof his buildings (furniture, lamps, stained glass windows, etc.) 18. The Bauhaus

The Bauhaus was an importantart and design school in Germany opened in the 1920s

The Bauhaus focused on understandingPure Form (color, shape, line, composition, space, etc,)

Many importantartists and designers taught and studied there

The Bauhaustrainedartists, designers, and architects toaccept and anticipate the needs of the 20 thCentury

The Bauhaus greatly influenced modern designstreamlined the look of architecture and design, including typography

The Bauhaus wasclosedby the Nazisin 1933

19. TheBauhaus Bauhaus designers inventednew simplified forms of typography(sans serif) The Bauhaus designers created streamlined design withsimple, clean lines 20. WalterGropius German Walter Gropius ,the Bauhaus(Dessau, Germany), 1925 - 1926 21. WalterGropius German

Main Building of Bauhaus Art and Design School

In 1919, Gropius, German architect, was appointed director of The Bauhaus

Gropius focused on Formal Elements (shape, color, line, etc.)

Gropius promoted the unity of art, architecture, and design

Walter Gropius ,the Bauhaus(Dessau, Germany), 1925 - 1926 22. LudwigMies van der Rohe German Mies van der Rohe ,German Pavilion in International Exposition(Barcelona, Spain), 1929 23. LudwigMies van der Rohe German

Director of Bauhausfrom 1930 - 1933

Mies van der Rohe saidLess is More

Simple, Open Space and Quality Materials

Domino system - combine rectangles to form architecture

Mies van der Rohe ,German Pavilion in International Exposition(Barcelona, Spain), 1929 24. Barcelona ChairMies van der Rohe

Designed for King and Queen of Spainto sit on in German Pavilion

Later, the design wasmass-producedandbecame a status symbolin homes and offices

Mies van der Rohe ,Barcelona Chair , 1929 25. Mid-CenturyModern Late 1940s, 1950s, into the Early 1960s

OrganicForms vs.GeometricForms

Fusionof Architecture and Sculpture

Simplicity

NewIndustrial Materials

26. Frank LloydWright Frank Lloyd Wright ,Guggenheim Museum(New York), 1943 - 1959 27. Frank LloydWright Frank Lloyd Wright ,Guggenheim Museum(New York), 1943 - 1959

Art Museumbuilt forGuggenheim family(major American art patrons)

ConcreteBuilding

Shape inspired by thespiral shaped shell of a snail

Buildingslopes downfrom top to bottom (using gravity)

Central atriumwithnatural light

28. LeCorbusierFrench Le Corbusier ,Notre Dame du Haut(Ronchamp, France), 1950 - 1955 29. LeCorbusierFrench Le Corbusier ,Notre Dame du Haut(Ronchamp, France), 1950 - 1955

Small church chapelwhichreplaced a building destroyed in WWII

Shape representspraying hands or wings of a dove(symbol of peace)

Reference to MedievalArchitecture

Concrete over metalstructure

30. EeroSaarinen born in Finland Eero Saarinen ,Terminal at Kennedy Airport(New York), 1952 - 1956

AirportTerminal inNew York

Futuristic

Scandanavian Modernism

Simple curved, organic shapes

Theme ofMotion / Wings in Flight

Twoconcreteshells

31. EeroSaarinen born in Finland Eero Saarinen ,Terminal at Kennedy Airport(New York), 1952 - 1956 32. Tulip Table and Chairs Eero Saarinen ,Tulip Pedestal Furniture, 1957 33. Tulip Table and Chairs

Eero Saarinen wanted toeliminate the problem of too many legs on furniture

Based on theshape of tulipflower ( organic shape )

Made ofMolded Plastic(new material)

Clean and simpledesign

Eero Saarinen ,Tulip Pedestal Furniture , 1957 34. SeagramBuilding

InternationalStyle

Simple and Purerectangular shape

Mies van der Rohe helped change the look of cities tall glass boxes(design easily imitated)

Ambercolored windows andbronzecolored structure

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson ,Seagram Building(New York), 1956 - 1958 35. SeagramBuilding Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson ,Seagram Building(New York), 1956 - 1958 36. Comparison 37. Post-ModernArchitecture The Past 20 30 Years

Belief that Early Modernist Architecture was impersonal and sterile

Complex and Eclectic structures

Post-Modern architecture accepts and embraces the messy and chaotic nature of urban life

References to architecture from the past

38. Pompidou CenterParis Richard Rogers(British) andRenzo Piano(Italian),Pompidou Center(Paris), 1977 39. Pompidou CenterParis Richard Rogers(British) andRenzo Piano(Italian),Pompidou Center(Paris), 1977

Cultural Center and Museum

Building turned inside outwith the water, electrical, etc. pipes, ducts, and tubes on the outside

Squarein front of the museumpopular placeto hang out

Reference to Eiffel Tower (structure visible)

40. HSBCHong Kong Norman Foster,Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank(Hong Kong), (1979-1986) 41. HSBCHong Kong

High TechArchitecture

Supportings k eleton on the outside

Computer programmeds u n trackwhich finds sun rays to bring into the space

Client wantedt h e most beautiful bank in the world

Norman Foster,Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank(Hong Kong), (1979-1986) 42. Frank GehryCanadian (lives in USA) Frank Gehry ,Guggenheim Museum(Bilbao, Spain) 1997 43. Frank GehryCanadian (lives in USA) Frank Gehry ,Guggenheim Museum(Bilbao, Spain) 1997

Art Museum(built for Guggenheim family same as in New York)

Deconstructivist Architecture(concept of taking apart)

Imbalanced and AsymmetricalForms

Sculptural

Structure is covered inTitanium Steel

44. Comparison 45. SantiagoCalatrava Spanish Santiago Calatrava ,Milwaukee Art Museum(USA), 2001 46. SantiagoCalatrava Spanish Santiago Calatrava ,Milwaukee Art Museum(USA), 2001

Art Museum

Organic / SculpturalForm (bird-like / boat-like)

KeneticArchitecture ( the roof moves opening and closing according to the weather conditions)

Connects the building onLakeMichigan to the city with abridge

47. ZahaHadid Born in Iraq / Lives in London Zaha Hadid , MAXXI Art Museum (Rome, Italy), 2009 48. ZahaHadid Born in Iraq/ Lives in London

Only Woman to receive thePritzer Prize in Architecture(most important award for architects)

MAXXIrefers to 21st Century (Roman Numerals XXI)

Contemporary Art Museum

Overlapping ofgeometric shapes

Deconstructivist / Postmodernist

Zaha Hadid , MAXXI Art Museum (Rome, Italy), 2009