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Cinema Stuff & other useful diagrams
Audience & Institution
• Audience = spectator, people who consume (buy/watch) and interact with films and their products
• Institution = body who makes something (i.e. Sony & Sony Pictures) (i.e. a school)
• *you must discuss both in essay!
What are the film stages?
Film stages
• Production• Marketing • Distribution • Exchange/exhibition
Film stagesProduction Marketing Distribution Exchange/
exhibition(institution to
audience)-cinema
(mainstream/indie)-home (dvd/blueray/pay
tv)-download (itunes)
Exchange/exhibition
(audience to audience)
-piracy (download, streaming)
-pop up cinema
Box office
• What does this mean?
• PROFITS FROM CINEMA TICKET SALES!
• (Which is the main source of income for films)• The opening weekend tells a lot of how
successful a film will be
Cinema stats
• ___% of cinema audiences are aged 15-24 which makes them the main audiences to target
• More than ______ of them go at least once a month (ages 15-24)
• In 2012 the the UK box office took in over £_______________
• _____ films were released in the UK in 2012, which is about 12 titles per week
Cinema stats
• 29% of cinema audiences are aged 15-24 which makes them the main audiences to target
• More than half of them go at least once a month (ages 15-24)
• In 2012 the the UK box office took in over £1 billion
• 646 films were released in the UK in 2012, which is about 12 titles per week
But when do audiences go to cinema?
• Put in the order you think….
• Extension – add %’s
But when do audiences go to cinema?
• Saturday 24%• Sunday 18%• Friday 16%• Wed 14%• Mon/Tues/Thur 9%
Most popular/successful (made most money) genres at box office in 2012 were…..
Genre Percent
36%
18%14%
12%
4%
1%
Genres to choose from:
AnimationGenreAction
Rom comComedydrama
Genre Percent
ACTION 36%
COMEDY 18%
DRAMA 14%
ANIMATION 12%
HORROR 4%
ROM COM 1%
Marketing
• Who pays for marketing: distributors or production companies?
• In 2012, over £_____________ was spent on P&A (prints and advertising) by film _________s
• ‘Think like a Man’, ‘Hunger Games’ & ‘The __________’ (huge action film) were the most tweeted films in 2012
Marketing
• Who pays for marketing: distributors
• In 2012, over £300 million was spent on P&A (prints and advertising) by film distributors
• ‘Think like a Man’, ‘Hunger Games’ & ‘The Avengers’ (huge action film) were the most tweeted films in 2012
What about the extra’s at the cinema?
• People spend approximately ___ minutes in the cinema foyer
• About ___% of cinema’s profits come from refreshments.
• People spend approximately 16 minutes in the cinema foyer
• About 40% of cinema’s profits come from refreshments.
Do the stars persuade you to go watch films?
• Stars of 2012:
• Robert Patterson – twilight, cosmopolis• Kristen Stewart – twilight, snowwhite, • Emily blunt – muppets, 5 year engagement
Hollywood vs other
• Hollywood definitely dominate the industry
• Bollywood – ___% of UK box office
• Bollywood – 1% of UK box office
Big bad hollywood vs indie• _____ dominates the film industry (Hollywood is the centre)• ___ of every 10 films is American• The major _________: Film __________ is dominated by film companies who are owned by
c___________s.• The main 6 are:
– 1 Disney– 2– 3– 4– 5
• Some things we expect from Hollywood films are:– 1– 2– 3– 4– 5
• Some things we expect from indie films are:– 1– 2– 3– 4– 5
Big bad hollywood vs indie• USA dominates the film industry (Hollywood is the centre)• 9 of every 10 films is American• The major studios: Film production is dominated by film companies who are owned by conglomerates.• The main 6 are:
– 1 Disney– 2 sony/columbia– 3 warner bros– 4 paramount– 5 universal (NBCUniversal)
• Some things we expect from Hollywood films are:– huge budgets – from conglomerates– Well known actors and directors– Global (blanket) release– Global themes appealing to mass audience– Huge productions and special effects
• Director has less control (does what audience demand is, or what already is established to work)
• Some things we expect from indie films are:– Small budgets – from multiple investors (not so risky this way)– Not well known actors or directors (often first timers)– Limited release (often in 1-3 countries)– Specific themes (often quirky/controversial etc) which appeal to niche audiences– Simple and to the point, no special effects as subject matter/content is more important
• Director has more creative control -
What about 3D?
• Top 3D films of 2012:
• 1• 2• 3• 4• 5
• For every £5 spent on any cinema ticket, 3D accounts for £___ of that £5.
What about 3D?• Top 3D films of 2012:
• 1 marvel avengers assembly• 2 the hobbit: unexpected journey• 3 prometheus• 4 amazing spiderman• 5 life of pi
• ***Notice how many are ‘franchise’ films!?– Inherited audiences: less risk of losing money! (very expensive to make – high
production costs)
• For every £5 spent on any cinema ticket, 3D accounts for £1 of that £5.
Top films at cinema
• Do you watch your favourite films at cinema?
• Top films in 2012 were:– 1.– 2.– 3.
• The top 3 films total box office takings accounted to ___% of ALL box office takings in 2012, which is about £1 in every £___.
Top films at cinema
• Do you watch your favourite films at cinema?
• Top films in 2012 were:– 1. Skyfall– 2. Darknight Rises– 3. Avengers Assemble
*notice the genre!?
• The top 3 films total box office takings accounted to 18% of ALL box office takings in 2012, which is about £1 in every £6.
Going to the cinema is social!
• Most people go with friends• It’s a SHARED experience
– (________ audience theory (why people seek the media) – integration and social interaction!!!)
• Most people to cinema with average of ___ people
• It’s a SHARED experience – (McQuail audience theory (why people seek the media) –
integration and social interaction!!!)• Most people to cinema with average of 3 people
Home or cinema?
• Which do you prefer and why?
• ___% of films are viewed at cinema• BBC iplayer had ___ million requests everyDAY
in 2012 – shows that it’s hugely _________.• On average people watch about _____
hours/minutes of TV a day• ___% of TV sets sold in UK are ‘supersized’
Home or cinema?• Which do you prefer and why?
• 4% of films are viewed at cinema• BBC iplayer had 6 million requests everyDAY in 2012 – shows that
it’s hugely popular.• On average people watch about 4 hours of TV a day• 35% of TV sets sold in UK are ‘supersized’
• What does this say about film exhibition? (that people watch more films at home? Relate to TC if you can…. Why did/is cinema doing so badly?
• 2012 had the WORST cinema attendance in history!
The cost of films (exc/exh)
Do you buy DVD after cinema?
• ___% of consumers bought the DVD of a film they have already seen at cinema
Films online?• ___% of 16-30 year olds believe film content should be free when
accessing online– What’s the debates about this?– Pro:– Cons:
• The 3 most pirated films of 2012 were:– Project X (8.2 million downloads)– ________________ (8.5 million downloads)
• A franchise action film– ________________ (8.2 million downloads)
• A big superhero film
• What type of genre are these films? Who is their target audience and how could this link to piracy?
Films online?• 60% of 16-30 year olds believe film content should be free when accessing online
– What’s the debates about this?– Pro: all types of groups would be able to experience film and see a wider range of films– Cons: industry wont make money – if they don’t – can’t do their jobs because there is no
money! They need to make money to operate (esp the indie industry)• The 3 most pirated films of 2012 were:
– Project X (8.2 million downloads)– Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol (8.5 million downloads)
• A franchise action film
– The Dark Knight Rises (8.2 million downloads)• A big superhero film
– *Remember the dark knight invested LOADS in anti-piracy with the goggles in the opening weekend because they knew people would try to pirate it (if done on opening weekend – sales drop later (because people get it online)
• What type of genre are these films? Who is their target audience and how could this link to piracy?Action Male 16-25Nerdy geeks who are technological saavy!
Other useful diagrams
Film distribution options
Film profits
Distribution process(bit complex but just to get idea)
Film stages and processes
Exchange/exhibition
Indie films
Distribution
D/E roles and companies
D/E ‘ultraviolet’
Cinema configuration (set up) for exhibition
P/D/E & profits
Exchange/exhibition(American tho)
Exhibition – what do institutions pay?
Piracy process
Piracy debates