EDITING TECHNIQUES

180 DEGREE RULE This is a basic guideline of the reaction or relationship

between a character and or an object in a scene. An imaginary line (axis) connects the characters, the camera stays one side of the axis for every shot in a scene. On character is on frame right the other frame left if the camera crosses the axis its jumping the line or crossing the line which confuses the audience and continuity editing is broken.

In this example it sows the 180 degree rule in action it shows the camera being on one side of the characters this is so it doesn't confuse the audience when watching and matching on action is smooth so he rest of the scene runs smoothly.

EYE LINE MATCH This is to form continuity editing, this is so the audience can

see what the character is looking at. The character will look at something off screen then the camera will cut to the object or person that character is looking at. This could get the audience involved with the film and too create tension when watching.

In this example it shows a young man looking down the camera then cuts to him looking at his phone, this shows the audience what the actor is looking at during the scene.

ESTABLISHING SHOT Establishing shot is a camera showing the setting of the

scene. It also shows the important relationships between its important figures and objects. The shots that are normally used are long shot or extreme long shot and the beginning

of a shot to show where the first of the scene is being set.

This is an example of a establishing shot. It shows the setting that the shot is being placed at this example is in spider man showing the shot of the apartment before showing the characters.

SHOT REVERSE SHOT Shot reverse shot is mainly used when there is dialogue

used in a scene, when two characters are having a convocation the camera is put over the shoulder of one character showing the face of the other character, when the next person speaks the camera cuts onto the shoulder of the first character speaking.

In this example it shows a convocation between the two main actors using shot reverse shot to show this I makes the audience know that they are talking also so they see our facial expressions of the characters whilst talking

MONTAGE Montage is a technique in which short shorts are

placed together in a sequence to condense time space and information. This has been used in different contexts to create different stories and different views for an audience.

In this example it shows a bunch shots put together to create a sequence they are normally images put together to create a story without dialogue it moves time and space to create more of a story which would have happened over a longer period of time.

MATCH ON ACTION This is a editing technique used in films to make the action flow. The director

cuts from one shot to another but the action from the two shots connect with each other and make sense when watching. Most of the time the two shots have been taken an hour away from each other. This show continues time throughout the film and looks effective when watching

CONTINUITY EDITING The purpose of this technique is to make sure each sequence and shot fit

together and flow when watching and to establish a logical coherence between two shots. Logical coherence is achieved buy cutting continuity which emphasizes time and space. However, some films incorporate cutting to continuity into a more complex classical cutting technique.

This is an example of continuity editing, in this example it uses short reverse shot to show a convocation between the two men this creates a smooth transition between cuts as well as showing the audience what they are talking about as well as there facial expressions.

30 DEGREE RULE This is a basic editing technique used when editing most films, it is a

guideline stating that the camera should move at least 30 degrees between two shots of the same event, object or character that is happening in the scene. If this is not present a jump cut will occur will will draw the audiences attention to the editing that has been used.

In this example it shows young man using dialogue with another actor this uses the 30 degree rule by moving the camera 30 when cutting this is so the film does not look jumpy when an audience is watching.

GRAPHIC MATCH This is used during editing when editing two different objects, different spaces

or a different compositions in which an object in the two shots graphically match. This is to help create a strong continuity of action linking the two shots metaphorically. occurs when the shapes, colors and/or overall movement of two shots match in composition, either within a scene or, especially across a transition between two scenes.

In this example of a graphic match it shows different people and objects in different times creating action it then cuts to someone or something doing the same action this creates suspense and links the two shot together to create a story.

Again this example uses graphic match to show the change in time within a few seconds this could tell a story which lasts years in a few seconds it creates suspense for the audience that’s watching and helps them understand the first bit of the film before watching the rest. This example shows a bone being thrown into the air then changing into a space rocket showing the difference in time and space

This is another example using graphic match. This is a horror film so using graphic match helps create the tension that they would want the audience to feel showing different objects manipulating the same action to create that emotion and fear.

PARALLEL EDITING This is most often used in films to establish action occurring at the

same time in two different locations. The camera will cut away from ne action shot to the next which could connect the two action scenes that are happening. This could create suspense when watching hoping the action will be explained.

In this example ‘the great train robbery’ it is manly using parallel editing when changing one shot to another. This creates a suspense when watching it also help with the continuity editing helping the film flow so its easy and interesting to watch