ITALIAN NEO-REALISM

WATCH UNDER THE HISTORY

ANN3A / 13933 Miyako Makio

CONTENTSPeriod Background

What is Italian Neo-Realism?

Decadence of Neo-Realism

Change of Italian Cinema

To The Present Italian films

Umberto D(1952), Vittorio De Sica

PERIOD BACKGROUND

World War Ⅱ and FascismMussolini and Fascists rejected

to make realism films.

Did not want to show the negative side

ex) Unequal society, effects of registance, increase of unemployment

"go into the streets, into the barracks, into the train stations; only in this way can an Italian cinema be born." Leo Longanesi(1935)

1943 End of the World War ⅡNeo-realism became the mainstream of Italian cinema and literature.…response to the political turmoil and desperate economic conditions afflicting the country.

WHAT’S NEO-REALISM?

1.a definite social context;

2.a sense of historical actuality and immediacy;

3.political commitment to progressive social change;

4.authentic on-location shooting as opposed to the artificial studio;

5.a rejection of classical Hollywood acting styles; extensive use of non-professional actors as much as possible;

6.a documentary style of cinematography.

1. Lower-class characters and their concern Open City(1945)Roberto Rossellini

…Resistance in Rome

Shoeshine(1946)Vittorio De Sica…Two shoeshine boys

The Earth Tremble(1948)Luchino Visconti…family in a small village

2. Using nonprofessional actors

Usually, nonprofessional actors and professional actors are used at the same time.

From Open City…Anna Magnani as PinaAldo Fabrizi as Don Pietro Pellegrini

3. Very small budgets

Cinderella(1950)by DisneyMy Darling Clementine(1946) by John FordBicycle Thieves(1948) by Vittorio Desica

No happy end like in Hollywood movie…

$ 2,900,000$ 2,000,000$ 133,300

4. Outdoor Shooting- The film studios were unavailable after the war.

- wanted to show what was going on in the streets and piazzas (a public square in an Italian town)

- Focus on Simple gestures, glances, and the absence of any dramatic action characterize.

- Objective, classic Hollywood camera style

- Dubbing the soundtrack

- Cost more money than shooting in studio.

DECADANCE OF NEO-REALISM

Miracolo a Milano(1952) Vittorio Desica,

1949 The government banned to export the film asperse Italy.

Decreasing of films about social problem .- Allegoric Fantasy Miracle in Milan(1952),Desica

- Melodrama Film Senso(1954) ,Luchino Visconti

- Pink Neo-realism Bread, Love and Dreams(1953), Luigi Comencini

…Had been developed

CHANGE OF ITALIAN CINEMASword and Sandal/The Peplum (1958-1964)

A particular kind of Period Piece set in ancient biblical or mythological times,running the gamut from Heroic Fantasy to Historical Fiction withlow budgets.

- Hercules(1958), Pietro Francisci

- Gladiator(2000), Ridley Scott

Spaghetti Western (1960-1970) =Italian version westerns

…Instead of American Westerns

- More violent than the traditional western.

- Many of the heroes of the Italian Western are in fact 'anti-heroes‘

- Used International casts. …The films where usually dubbed afterwards.

The Good, the Bad and the Ugly(1966)

Sergio Leone

The boom of Trash Films(1970 - mid 1980)

Between the late 1970s and mid-1980s, Italian cinema was in crisis.

Trash Films/commedia sexy all'italianacomedy films with little artistic value and reached their popularity by confronting Italian social taboos, most about sexual matters.

- Arabian Nights(1974), Pier Paolo Pasolini

The Last Emperor(1987), Bertolucci

Arabian Nights(1974), Pier Paolo Pasolini

TO THE PRESENT ITALIAN FILMSCinema Paradiso(1988) Giuseppe Tornatore

Life Is Beautiful(1988)Roberto Benigni

Il Divo(2008)Paolo Sorrentino

REFERENCESItalian Neorealism - Explore - The Criterion Collectionhttp://www.criterion.com/explore/6-italian-neorealism

HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF ITALIAN NEOREALISM http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Independent-Film-Road-Movies/Neorealism-HISTORICAL-ORIGINS-OF-ITALIAN-NEOREALISM.html

Studies in Cinema Thoughts on Italian Neorealismhttp://studiesincinema.blogspot.sg/2010/02/thoughts-on-italian-neorealism.html

Italian Neo-Realism A History through Film - YouTubehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAhAgyXHC4M

DonaMajicShow • Impacts of Italian Neo-Realism on Naturalist Filmmakinghttp://donamajicshow.tumblr.com/post/94293496/impacts-of-italian-neo-realism-on-naturalist-filmmaking

Neo-Neo Realism – Treeless Mountain by So Yong Kim Anzuma Aktherhttp://anzumakther.wordpress.com/2012/09/29/neo-neo-realism-treeless-mountain-by-so-yong-kim/

A Fistful of Westernshttp://website.lineone.net/~braithwaitej/mainsite/overview/definition/definition.htm

Main-Sword And Sandal - Television Tropes & Idiomshttp://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/SwordAndSandal

Italian sexy movies from the 70s Italyhttp://www.lifeinitaly.com/italian-movies/sexy-comedies.asp

Cinema Paradiso (Nuovo Cinema Paradiso) - Rotten Tomatoeshttp://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/cinema_paradiso/

Vittorio De Sica - The Bicycle Thief Part 1-6 [Ladri di biciclette][Italian Neorealist Film 1948].flv - YouTubehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X59SmjMlFJ4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9On408n3IFchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGf-Dddanb4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLB5n4tMqAYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4ADXVeOBl4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyqBRIQhCTY

Kristin Thompson & David Bordwell. Film History: An introduction, Third edition.The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2010.

Peter Bondanella. A History of Italian Cinema. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2009.

Kristin Thompson. Herr Lubitsch goes to Hollywood : German and American Film after World War 1.Amesterdam University Press, 2005.

Thanks for listening!