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Ecological rainfall infrastructure: investment in trees for sustainable development Ecological rainfall infrastructure, Rio Pavillion COP PARIS 02@12@2015 Meine van Noordwijk Chief ScienDst, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); Professor of Agro@ forestry, Wageningen University Long cycle: oceans to land Short cycle: Land to land

Ecological rainfall infrastructure -Meine van Noordwijk

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Ecological(rainfall(infrastructure:(investment(in(

trees(for(sustainable(development(

Ecological(rainfall(infrastructure,(Rio(Pavillion(

COP(PARIS(02@12@2015(

Meine%van%Noordwijk(Chief(ScienDst,(World(Agroforestry((

Centre((ICRAF);(Professor(of(Agro@(

forestry,(Wageningen(University(

Long(cycle:((

oceans(

(to(land(

Short(cycle:((

Land(to(land(

Forest(and(water(–(big(picture(on(‘cool(forests’(

Q(((=(((P((((@((((E(((±((ΔS(

Stream(flow((blue(

water):(flow(persis@

tence(depends(on(

watershed(health,(as(

does(water(quality(

PrecipitaDon(of(‘rainbow(

water’:(60%(of(rainfall(over(

land(derives(from(oceans,(40%(

from(vegetaDon(on(land(

EvapotranspiraDon(

(green(water(use)(

leads(to(air(cooling,(

trees(use(100@200(

mm/year(more(than(

short(vegetaDon(

Soil(water(storage(

(‘sponge(effect’)(

depends(on(soil(

depth(and(structure(

Blue water streamflow

Rainfall triggering conditions

Precipi- tation

Rainbow water Atmospheric transport

Soil & ground-water buffering

Gre

en w

ater

ET

evap

otra

nspi

ratio

n Precipi- tation

Gre

en w

ater

ET

evap

otra

nspi

ratio

n

Blue water streamflow

Soil & ground-water buffering

van(der(Ent(RJ,(Savenije(

HHG,(Schaefli(B,(Steele@(

Dunne(SC,(2010.(Origin(

and(fate(of(atmospheric(

moisture(over(

conDnents.(Water(

Resources(Research(46,(

W09525,(E/P(

Pfrom(Et/P(

•  Trees(consume(water(

•  Trees(recycle(water(•  Trees(help(store(water(by(changing(

soil(to(be(

(((((a(more(effecDve(buffer(

•  Streamflow(from(healthy(

catchments(with(forests(and(trees(

is(more(gradual(

Higher(evapotranspi@

raDon(means(more(

cooling(effect(

Higher(evapotranspi@

raDon(means(more(

atmospheric(water(

vapour(

Prevailing(winds(BioDc@pump@induced(air(

flows?(

Oceanic(input(

Biological(precipitaDon(

triggers?( Rainfall(

Downstream(water(use,(

livelihoods(risks(and(

benefits(

Scien1fic%debate%

Downstream(and(downwind(

benefits(of(watershed(

restoraDon(

Lightning(

BNF( Denitrifiers(Long(cycle(rain(

BRG( ET(

Stem-flow

Through-fall

Rainfall Cloud interception

Lateral

outflows (interflow) Recharge

Soil surface evaporation

Transpiration

Canopy water evaporation

Uptake

Quick- flow

Base flow

{

Surface run-on Surface

Run-off

Streams & river

Litter layer

Sub-surface lateral inflows

Infil-tra-tion

Percolation

Canopy inter-

ception

Cooling%effect%of%E%(

Foresters%&%farmers%%managing%tree%cover:%ET(translated(into(tree,((

crop(and(pasture(

producDvity(

(

New%BRGCscience%(

Rainbow(water(closes((

the(hydrological(cycle(

Hydrologists:%Q,(Blue(water(implies(focus(

on(stream@

flow((floods,(

drought,(use(

as(irrigaDon(

source)(

Tree%ecophyCsiologists:%Et,(Green(water(

implies(focus(

on(use(of(wa@

ter(by(vegeta@

Don,(compe@

Dng(with(what(

enters(streams(

Soil%scien1sts:%ΔS,(Sponge(effect(focus(on(

buffering(by(

soil(with(good(

infiltra@Don(

and(deep(root(

systems(

Landscape%ecologists:%scaling(from(patch,(via(hillslopes(to(

watersheds(in(relaDon(to(human(land(use(

Climatologists:%P,%PrecipitaDon((rainfall)(

sourced(from(oceans(+(

land,(global(circulaDon(

Decarbonizing(the(debate(on(forests,(

trees(and(climate:(cool(trees(

Trees(make(it(cooler(,(

help(with(rainfall(and(

keep(the(soil(moist(

UNFCCC:(global(climate(

change(depends(on(

greenhouse(gas(emissions(

This(carbon(thing(is(

hard(to(understand,(

we(can’t(see(it…(