ECOLOGY&

ECOSYSTEMS

Ecology and Ecosystems Ecology is the scientific study of relations that

living organisms have with respect to each other and their natural environment.

Under ecology, we study various ecosystems which are a part of the biosphere.

An ecosystem includes all the organisms and the nonliving environment that are found in a particular place.

Ecological Succession

Ecological Succession Ecological

succession is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

Ecological succession occurs when the conditions of an environment suddenly and drastically change.

Food Chain A food chain shows the feeding relationship

between different living things in a particular habitat.

Food chains show how energy is passed from the sun to producers, from producers to consumers, and from consumers to decomposers.

In any ecosystem, many food chains overlap. When this happens, the food chain forms a food web.

PRODUCERS

GRASS

GRASS

PRIMARY CONSUMER

S

SECONDARY

CONSUMERS

CARNIVORES

DEER

HERBIVORES

LION

Food Web A food web is a

graphical description of feeding relationship among species in an ecological community.

It even specifies the energy relation and transfer of energy amongst them.

There are many food chains contained in these food webs

Ecological Pyramid

Types Of Ecosystems

Forest EcosystemGrassland EcosystemDesert EcosystemAquatic Ecosystem

Forest Ecosystem

A forest ecosystem is a terrestrial unit of living organisms.

All interacting among themselves and with the environment (soil, climate, water and light) in which they live.

Types Of Forest Ecosystems

Tropical Rain ForestTropical Seasonal ForestTemperate Evergreen and Deciduous Forest

Boreal ForestSavanna and Woodland

Grassland Ecosystem

A biological community that contains few trees or shrubs characterized by mixed herbaceous vegetation cover, dominated by grasses or grass like plants.

It occupies about 19% of earth’s surface.

Types Of Grassland Ecosystem

Tropical and subtropical grasslands

Temperate grasslandsFlooded grasslandsMontane grasslandsTundra grasslandsDesert and xeric grasslands

Desert EcosystemA desert ecosystem

exists where there is little rainfall and the climate is extreme in harshness.

It occupies about 17% of the earth’s surface.

Types Of Desert Ecosystem

Hot and Dry DesertsCold DesertsSemi-Arid DesertsCoastal Deserts

Aquatic Ecosystem

It is an ecosystem located in a water bodies.

The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems.

Types Of Aquatic Ecosystem

Marine Ecosystem.

Freshwater Ecosystem 1.Lentic

2.Lotic3.Wetland

Responsibilities towards ecosystem

Inference• After studying and analyzing the various

ecosystems, their internal components, biotic factors; we can very well conclude that man is the part and parcel of these God gift.

• It’s the foremost responsibility to include the conservation and maintenance of these precious gift of nature as crucial priority in our life.

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