THE IDEA AND MODERN PLANNING

Lewis Mumford

WARD AND CENTRE (diagram) Ebenezer Howard – Garden Cities of To-morrow 1902

LARGE FARMS

DAIRY FARMS

LIBRARY

THEATRE RAILWAY STATION

„O p e n planning is more salubrious than closed dongested.“

„from an economic standpoint there is ´Nothing Gained by Overcrowding´.“ – R. Unwin cooplanner of 1.Garden City

>> money wasted in duplicating unnecessary streets > garden robbing

GREENBELT

„Increase of population and wealth in our big centres had paradoxically resulted in DESTITUTION..“ > no city´s income was used for sanitation, maintainance and slum clearence

It „is not a suburb, but the antithesis of a suburb: not a more rural retreat, but a more integrated foundation for an effective urban life.“

Garden city is a „compact, rigorously confined urban grouping“ >> urban and rural patterns should g r o w together (indrustrial population + working base + residents + public space..)

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Letchworth, Hertfordshire, England, 1903 R.Unwin

DESIGNED AS A GARDEN CITY

LONDON

Letchworth

1902

The first Garden city, a small scale theory that was realised

Wekerle, Budapest, 1908-1925 József Fleischl

An „island“,, „small town in a city“

Wekerle plan, beginning of 20th century

Wekerle centering to a square with a large park in the middle, designed by Kós Károly.The square is surrounded by commercial and noncommercial functions.

The beginning of green in Wekerle – really young trees maintained till today

The characteristic shutters Various kinds of individual living in a functional community

Wekerle Maintainance Center

Cultural House

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System of leaves collection and other rubbish

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Tenemet House >

Řevnice, near Praha, Czech Republic, older than Christ

Mostly summer resort for

residents of Praha but its future

plans as garden city are :

keep the authentic character of

town and support the housing,

recreation and work posibilities

in the rare environment that has

to be kept

NOT DESIGNED AS A GARDEN CITY

PRAHA

Řevnice

Surrounded by greenbelt – hils and forest and agrictulture

Challenge to keep the authentic character of town Challenge to integrate patterns neccesary for long term living,

For residents with a demand for environment with a balanced

community