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Integrated Food – Energy Systems
Charles JumbeOliver Johnson
Sid Mohan
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Fact
World Oil and Gas production will decrease over the next 30 years
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Fact
Worldwide, bioenergy contributes only ~10% of all fuel sources
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Fact
~60% of energy in Africa is derived from fuelwood and charcoal
< Fuelwood
Charcoal >
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Fact
< Fuelwood
Charcoal >
Electrification rates are low across the continent
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Fact
< Fuelwood
Charcoal >
Most people do not have access to electricity
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The current situation (World Energy Outlook 2014)
GDP is rising, but almost half of a fast-growing population lives in extreme poverty: energy is vital to the prospects for development
Region accounts for 13% of global population, but only 4% of its energy demand
Poor electricity infrastructure is a key impediment to growth
Large resource base, exploited only in part in the case of oil, gas & coal, largely untouched in renewables
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The current situation
2/3rds of SSA without electricity access currently
500 million people without access by 2040 Average of 60% of SSA’s energy is imported Energy policy initiatives largely ignore trees
Energy from biological sources only 10% of global use, but 80% in Africa
Trees provide multiple benefits - soil fertility, water management, fruit production, fodder production, fuelwood and timber
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What is bioenergy?
Conversion of biomass resources into useful energy carriers including heat, electricity and fuels.
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Bioenergy
Woody biomass primary energy source in rural SSA
Same biomass can be used in gasification systems to drive machinery and generate electricity
Different scales possible – small household units to large industrial scale
Allied products include biofuels, both biodiesel and ethanol
Gaining traction in many parts of SSA
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Will bioenergy compete with food?
Valid concerns can be raised Bioenergy provides income and improved
livelihoods Trees fit well into integrated food-energy
systems Tree growing is scalable – from agroforestry
systems on farms to large scale woodlots
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In this session
Charles Jumbe – Biofuels’ role in economic security and development
Oliver Johnson – Water, food, energy and environment nexus
Sid Mohan – Biomass power in Sri Lanka and EverGreen Energy
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Introducing Gliricidia sepium
Widely cultivated multi-purpose tree
Grows on wide range of soils and rainfall zones
Easy propagation Useful as green manure –
increases soil organic matter and helps recycle soil nutrients
High protein supplement for foraging animals
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Gliricidia in power generation
Highly scalable Can be grown on farmer fields as intercrop or
plantation style Harvested as frequent as 6 – 8 months for
biomass Can be used in combination with other
biomass sources Source of rural employment – over 100,000
farmers involved in Sri Lanka in 2 plants alone Demonstrated reduction in CO2 levels
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Gliricidia in power generation
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Gliricidia in Sri Lanka
Cheaper fuel source than fossil fuels Various projects of various scales over the past
decade Heat generation for use in factories Small, off-grid plants for rural electrification Large electricity generation plants that feed into
the national grid Tokyo Cement (Power)
2 major plants – 10 MW and 5 MW Investments upwards of $30 million
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Gliricidia as feed – biogas plant – 1+ HHs
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3.5 kv gassifier – 10+ HHs
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35 kv gassifier – small plant & 10+ HHs
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Industrial size gassifier – large plants
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A model for SSA – EverGreen Energy
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EverGreen Energy
Gliricidia already widely distributed Major species in Malawi for increasing crop
yields in AFSP program Massive scaling-up programs in Malawi and
Zambia already in place
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Next
What are the areas where such a project can be planned for?
What barriers or challenges do you foresee? Who are the major stakeholders who should
be involved in this?
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Next steps
Review, quantify and publicize the potential of tree-based bioenergy
Put tree-based bioenergy into its proper place in international and national energy policies
Develop urgently-needed energy resources for poor people
Develop tree-based bioenergy for power supply and electricity production for development
Promote and develop biofuel production
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Thank you
For more information:Charles Jumbe - [email protected] Johnson - [email protected] Mohan – [email protected]
