62nd Annual Meeting of the SoutheasternSan Juan, Porto Rico, USA, March 20 – 21 2013

Ketty Balthazard-Accou*, Patrice Agnamey, Elmyre Clervil, Evens Emmanuel

Laboratoire de Qualité de l’Eau et de l’EnvironnementUniversité Quisqueya

218, Avenue Jean Paul II, Haut de Tugeau, Port-au-Prince, HaitiEmail: kettybal@gmail.com

Cryptosporidium in Haiti

� Cryptosporidiosis isresponsible for 17.5% ofacute diarrhea in childrenless than 2 years-old� 30% of chronicdiarrhoeas in patientsdiarrhoeas in patientsinfected by HIV�In Port-au-Prince,Cryptosporidium oocystswere detected in surfacewater and in public watersupplies

Global view on sanitation in Haiti

Feco-oral

� Port-au-Prince groundwater are exposed to latrine effluents, septic tanks and urban wastewater

� Since limestone is the main geological factor of Haiti, and all the cities have the same urban characteristics: groundwater of

Research considerations

characteristics: groundwater of Les Cayes, and Cap-Haitian are also contaminated by Cryptosporidium

Analyze the different risk factors associatedwith transfers of Cryptosporidium oocystsin groundwater from three important citiesof Haiti: Port-au-Prince, Cap-Haitian and

Purpose of this work

of Haiti: Port-au-Prince, Cap-Haitian andles Cayes

Framework of health risk assessment (NRC, 1983)

Risks factors

A risk factor is an element belonging to an individualor originating from an environment liable to causean illness, trauma or another negative impact onthe development of the human organism(Fougeyrollas et al, 1998).(Fougeyrollas et al, 1998).

Conceptual model

Transf

er

Targ

et

Management of urban sanitation services (wastewater, human excreta and animal)

Soil

Groundwater

Targ

et

Effect

s

C.h. : Human consumers (cryptosporidiosis: acute diarrhea andchronic abdominal pain, fever and myalgia; …)

C.h.

Groundwater

Tap water

Studies sites

Materials and methods

Les Cayes,South County’s chief city

Map of the hydrological south west region of Haiti

Port-au-Prince, the national capital of the Republic of Haiti

Map of the hydrological center south region of Haiti

Map of Cap-Haïtian water cathment North County’s chief city

Sampling points

� The water samples were collected from the 21sites in the conditions defined by standardAFNOR-NFT 90-455 of July 2001.

� Water samples were taken in December 2009,October 2010 and January 2011.October 2010 and January 2011.

� The sampling points were chosen according tothe water supply points of the population(reservoir, drilling, spring, surface andgroundwater).

Filtration of the samples

� In the field� Water filtration using

Envirochek® cartridgescartridges

� At the laboratory� immunomagnetic

separation (IMS)� immunofluorescence

essay (FA).

Table 1: Results of Cryptosporidium oocysts detection

Conclusion and Perspectives• The contamination of untreated public water supplies

used for human consumption in the cities of Port-au-Prince, Cap-Haitian and Les Cayes byCryptosporidium is a significant environmental andpublic health concerns.

• Since groundwater is contaminated by• Since groundwater is contaminated byCryptosporidium, it seems interesting to study thehydrodynamic and transfer mechanisms governingthe presence of these protozoan in saturated zone.

• In order to develop appropriate treatments, it shouldbe necessary to study the efficiency of somematerials (activated carbon, zeolite, and quartz) inoocysts adsorption.

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