1. 1. KAS 3501 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SEMESTER 6 2014/2015 GROUP 5 SAFETY INDEX AND FIRE INDEX Group 5 Presentation date: 1st April 2015 GROUP MEMBERS MATRIC NO NAZIRAH BINTI TARMIZI UK29498 KUAN SHI YUN UK29559 NORAIN BINTI ISMAIL@AWANG UK29500 SITI HAJAR BINTI MOHD NOR UK29557 RAFIZAL BIN AB RAHIM @ HASSAN UK29318
2. 2. SAFETY INDEX AT WORKPLACE
3. 3. WHAT IS WORKPLACE SAFETY? Workplace safety is an important aspect to the success of a company. Keeping employees safe from injuries and health problems while on the job not only makes good business sense, it is required by law. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) enforces rules and regulations to keep workplaces safe. There are several ways to measure work safety with the goal of improving it. Measure work safety by examining the risk of exposure, reviewing the programs and initiatives that are in place, considering the climate and culture of the workplace and identifying safety leaders.
4. 4. TOP 10 MOST COMMON WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS 1. Overexertion 2. Fall on same level surfaces 3. Fall to lower level 4. Bodily reaction 5. Struck by an object
5. 5. 6. Struck against an object 7. Highway accident 8. Caught In/ Compressed By 9. Repetitive Motion 10. Assaults and violent acts
6. 6. HOW DO WE MEASURE WORK SAFETY?
7. 7. 1. Assess the exposure to risk. Your working environment and the conditions of the people, equipment and procedures will help you determine whether people are likely to get hurt. o Look at the things that might be creating the exposure to risk. For example, if paid sick time is not available at your company, workers might hesitate to stay home when they are infectious, bringing their illness into the workplace.
8. 8. 2. Evaluate the safety programs you currently have in place. Ensure they are having a positive result. o Make sure all safety programs and initiatives cover personal safety as well as procedural safety. For example, workers who are trained on how to avoid getting a chemical burn will know how to protect themselves, and how to keep their process free from the risk of a burn. o Adjust programs that are not working. If all new employees are trained on how to safely use a specific piece of equipment, but incidents are rising on that machine, something is missing in the safety training.
9. 9. 3. Review your organizational culture to determine whether safety is a priority. Conduct employee surveys to find out if workers feel safe and offer rewards to departments and teams that achieve productivity and success without any injuries. o Evaluate the strength of your team. When workers are concerned about the safety of others as well as their own safety, a positive and safe environment is created. o Encourage workers to look at safety as something not specific to their own work or department. For example, anyone should be comfortable pointing out a spill or a leak or another safety concern.
10. 10. 4. Determine how safety decisions are made For example, staffs might not seem like a safety issue, but it could become one if workers are getting hurt because there is not enough help when it comes to moving heavy items or monitoring a residential environment.
11. 11. 5. Identify safety leaders. These can be supervisors, managers or low level employees. Reward and compensate those who make safety a priority.
12. 12. 6. Conduct inspections and audits. Highlight impressive results and use those high achieving areas as a model for anything that is not working as it should.
13. 13. 7. Put drills and practice sessions into place Hold fire alarms, practice what would be done during a chemical spill or a major accident. This will demonstrate the preparedness of employees and help them feel prepared.
14. 14. FIRE INDEX
15. 15. Fuel Any combustible material solid, liquid or gas Oxygen The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen fire needs only 16% oxygen Heat The energy necessary to increase the temperature of fuel to where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur Each of these three elements must be present at the same time to have a fire. A fire will burn until one or more of the elements is removed.
16. 16. HOW DO FIRE START? For a fire to start, the three things in the triangle below are needed. Fuel Flammable gases, liquids and solids including fine powders and dust. Oxygen Always present in the air. Other sources come from substances which produce oxygen. Ignition sources Hot surfaces, electrical equipment, static electricity, smoking and naked flames. If any one of these is missing, a fire cannot start. So, taking steps to avoid the three coming together will reduce the chances of a fire happening.
17. 17. There are 4 classes of fire: Class A Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and some plastics. Class B Flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, paint, paint thinners and propane. Class C Energized electrical equipment, such as appliances, switches, panel boxes and power tools. Class D Certain combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium, and sodium.
18. 18. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Industrial Explosions
19. 19. Are These Materials Explosive? sugar metal plastic wood coal medicines
20. 20. Imperial Sugar Company February 7, 2008 Port Wentworth, Georgia 14 deaths and numerous injured persons A spark started the fire and explosion of the sugar cloud
21. 21. 23 Fire and Explosion by Metal Powder : Indiana October 23, 2003 Huntington Indiana 1 dead, 6 injured Aluminum powder caught fire in a dust collector, from there the flame spreads generating the explosion
22. 22. February 20, 2003 Corbin, Kentucky, 7deaths, several injured An poorly worked oven lit a cloud of phenolic resin dust, causing the explosion. Fire and Explosion in CTA Acoustics 24
23. 23. PREVENTING FIRE AT WORKPLACE
24. 24. A) Controlling sources of ignition remove unnecessary sources of heat from the workplace. Make sure that your machinery and equipment has been designed to limit the risk of fire and explosions. Make sure that all your electrical equipment is regularly serviced and fit for the purpose it is being used.
25. 25. b) Limiting the fuel for a fire Make sure that flammable materials are handled, stored and used correctly. Store flammable substances in their proper storage containers . Do not allow grease, dust or oil to build up around equipment
26. 26. c) Detecting and warning about fire Detecting any fires Consider arrangements for detecting a fire. Larger premises may need an electrical alarm system with manual call points.
27. 27. d) Escaping a fire Once people are aware of a fire, they should be also to leave the building safely. So the emergency lighting needs to work completely to: Show the escape routes clearly. To allow people to move safely towards the final exits. Make sure that fire call points and firefighting equipment can be found easily.
28. 28. e) Fire safety information for employess All employees should get information about: How to escape route to use from where they are working The fire warning system used in the area they are working in.
29. 29. f) Fighting Fires All workplaces should have equipment for putting out fire such as: Fire extinguishers to tackle a fire in its early stage. Fire blankets have two type which is light duty blanket and heavy duty blanket. Light duty blanket for small fire and heavy duty blanket use for molten material.
30. 30. NFPA Label National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) The higher the number in the red box (max is 4), the greater the fire hazard.
31. 31. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) MSDS Required by OSHA (29 CFR 1910.1200) for each chemical used Includes name of chemicals, physical hazards, health hazards, exposure routes, permissible exposure levels (PEL), appropriate PPE, handling, storage, spills, transportation, disposal information Must be readily accessible to all employees in the work area
32. 32. Fire Protection & Prevention (1926.150 .159) Common OSHA Citations: 150(c)(1)(I): 2A fire extinguishers Building Area 152(a)(1): Storage of LP Containers 153(j): Fire Protection Program/equipment 150(a)(1): 10B Fire Extinguisher w/in 50 feet of combustible/flammable liquids 150(c)(1)(vi): Approved containers for flammables/combustibles
33. 33. Think Safety, Not Just Compliance! THANK YOU FOR LENDING US YOUR ATTENTION
34. 34. References Managing fire safety in the workplace. (2008). Retrieved on 20 Mac 2015 from www.healthhandsafetyworksni.gov.uk Fire safety. Retrieved on 20 Mac 2015 from https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/sfm/public- education/Documents/Presentations/FireSafetyPresentation.ppt Risk Associated to combustible dust handling presentation slide. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved on 20 Mac 2015 from pages Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Government Agency at https://www.osha.gov/dte/grant_materials/fy09/sh- 19480-09/risks_associated_combustible Roof Safe. Fire Protection and Prevention presentation slide. Retrieved on 20 Mac 2015 at http://www.gnbvt.edu/SkillsUSA/Firesar.ppt