Who is Planting or Removing Trees?

AfricaBurkina Faso Cassou District Mean annual rain-

fall: 900 mm

Issa [email protected]

Human and Climate Drivers of Land Cover Transition in Southern Burkina Faso

Slash & burning agriculture

Inappropriate farmingpractices

Firewood removal

Repetitive bush fire

Uncontrolled grazing

Agribusiness and BIODEV(Cashew plantation)

Factors of unremitting wood removal

Rainfall variability in southern Burkina Faso Seasonal pattern of rainfall and rain intensity in southern Burkina Faso

1986 2014

Issa Ouedraogo, Ibrahim Toure, Mwenda Borona, and Cheikh Mbow

Mean annual rain-fall: 900 mm


Cassou DistrictAfricaBurkina Faso

Shade, fodder, bark,leaves, wood/charcoal Fruits Nuts Processed products

Parkiabiglobosa

Lanneamicrocarpa

Adansoniadigitata

Mangiferaindica

Vitellariaparadoxa

Sabasenegalensis

Detariummicrocarpum


Carbon + Nutritional and Market Value of these products for food security and adaptation to climate change

2000

1990 BA CL GF GS SS WB WS Total 1990 Loss

Settlement (BA) 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00

Cropland (CL) 0.02 15.13 0.21 0.06 5.57 0.00 5.24 26.24 11.11

Gallery forest (GF) 0.00 0.30 1.72 0.10 2.04 0.00 4.71 8.87 7.15

Grass savannah (GS) 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.60 0.00 0.08 0.75 0.70

Shrub savannah (SS) 0.00 1.56 0.46 0.20 8.23 0.00 9.74 20.19 11.96

Water body (WB) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00

Wood savannah (WS) 0.00 6.06 2.15 0.14 12.20 0.00 23.30 43.84 20.54

Total 2000 0.11 23.05 4.54 0.55 28.65 0.03 43.07 100.00 51.45

Gain 0.02 7.92 2.82 0.50 20.41 0.00 19.78 51.45

2013

2000 BA CL GF GS SS WB WS Total 2000 loss

Settlement (BA) 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00

Cropland (CL) 0.00 10.68 0.03 0.02 12.06 0.00 0.27 23.05 12.37

Gallery forest (GF) 0.00 0.38 0.49 0.00 2.56 1.09 4.54 4.04

Grass savannah (GS) 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.41 0.00 0.01 0.55 0.50

Shrub savannah (SS) 0.01 7.31 0.12 0.32 20.45 0.00 0.44 28.65 8.20

Water body (WB) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.01

Wood savannah (WS) 0.00 6.60 0.46 0.13 32.22 0.00 3.67 43.07 39.40

Total 2013 0.12 25.03 1.11 0.51 67.71 0.02 5.49 100.00 64.53

Gain 0.01 14.35 0.62 0.46 47.26 0.00 1.82 64.53



Cassou District

Land cover change and transition from 1990 to 2013

Transition matrices

AfricaBurkina Faso


Cover change Net change Swap

Cover schemes Symbols 1990 2000 2013 1990-2000 2000-2013 1990-2000 2000-2013

Built up area BA 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00

Cropland CL 26.24 23.05 25.03 -3.19 1.98 15.84 8.08

Gallery forest GF 8.87 4.54 1.11 -4.33 -3.42 5.63 1.24

Grass savanna GS 0.75 0.55 0.51 -0.20 -0.04 1.01 0.93

Shrub savanna SS 20.19 28.65 67.71 8.46 39.06 23.92 16.40

Water body WB 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00

Wood savanna WS 43.84 43.07 5.49 -0.76 -37.59 39.55 3.64

Land cover change

Gallery forest and wood savannah are very vulnerable to transition to shrub-savannah and they tend to disappear. The stabilisation of cultivated lands is a good sign for agricultural intensification but this will depend on the resilience of the system to the increasing population pressure, climate variability and farming inputs prices.




Beneficiary and value typesEcosystem services from trees Benefits

Climate stability

Buffering intense storms

Limiting wind erosion

Reducing erosion from water

Air quality

Water recycling through evapo-transpiration

Water recycling through evapo-transpiration

Local population

Wild animals

Soil quality

Atmosphere

Water quality

Preservation of faunal and floral populations and communities

Source of food security

Recreational amenities

Cultural value

Nutrient source to ecosystems

Pollination

Commercial exploitation

Commercial wood

Subsistence hunting

Ritual and cultural practices

Wildlife watchers

Farmers near forest or preserving trees on farm

Farmers near forest or preserving trees on farm

Wild animals

Fire wood removal

Controlled/Uncontrolled charcoal production

Controlled/Uncontrolled charcoal production

Seed collection

Nut collection from Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa

Nut collection from Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa

Commercial honey

Commercial fruits

Comestible leaves

Palatable leaves

Medical barks and roots

Farmers

Breeders

Foresters

Research community

Residents in cities

Entire population

Domestic animals

Rainfall

Source of income

Community

Tree diversity

Carbon sequestrationand storage

Income generationfrom trees









Stakeholders

Farmers

Breeders

Tree cutters

Foresters

Hunters

Inappropriate framing practices

Inappropriate framing practices

Agroforestry

Illegal tree cutting

Plantation

Firewood and

charcoal production

Firewood and Controlled/Uncontrolled

charcoal production

Government’s Ministries

Prices of agric products

Research institutes (e.g. ICRAF, CIFOR, etc.)

Research institutes (e.g. ICRAF, CIFOR, etc.)

Internat. Conventions of climate and forest

Internat. Conventions of climate and forest

Easy access to land

National level

Local level

Global level

Policy makers (land chiefs)

Agribusiness menBush fires

Government extension services

Government extension services

Research institutes Research institutes (INERA, ICRAF, CIFOR)

Land tenure systems

Subsidies in farming inputs

Food security policy

Reforestation policy

Cotton production incentives

Cotton production incentives

Energy requirement

Forest protection

Food market

Agric. development

Forest protection

Tree plantation

REDD

Agroforestry

Process OutcomesLevel of decision

Forest degradation

and deforestation

Afforestation and

reforestation




Issa Ouedraogo, Ibrahim Toure, Mwenda Borana, and Cheikh Mbow

• Decentralization• Land tenure systems• Direct and indirect incentives to

population• Upscaling good ecosystem management

practices• Environmental education• Agricultural intensification• Migration control

• Decentralization• Land tenure systems• Direct and indirect incentives to

population• Upscaling good ecosystem management

practices• Environmental education• Agricultural intensification• Migration control

• Carbon market• Crop market (cotton, cashew nut,

sesame, maize, etc.)• Energy market (wood and charcoal)

• Carbon market• Crop market (cotton, cashew nut,

sesame, maize, etc.)• Energy market (wood and charcoal)

• Carbon sequestration• Tree plantation• Carbon market• Value chain studies• Environmental education• Gender empowerment• Migration studies• Climate studies• Vulnerability assessment• Risk management• Successful ecosystem management

practices• Agricultural intensification• Demographic studies

• Carbon sequestration• Tree plantation• Carbon market• Value chain studies• Environmental education• Gender empowerment• Migration studies• Climate studies• Vulnerability assessment• Risk management• Successful ecosystem management

practices• Agricultural intensification• Demographic studies

In pulling zones, control in-migration trough• Registering in-migrants• Controlling cropland size and limits• Punishing illegal wood cutters

In pushing zones, reduce out-migration through• Promoting SWC techniques• Improving basic infrastructures• Restoring degraded land• Providing incentives for self development

In pulling zones, control in-migration trough• Registering in-migrants• Controlling cropland size and limits• Punishing illegal wood cutters

In pushing zones, reduce out-migration through• Promoting SWC techniques• Improving basic infrastructures• Restoring degraded land• Providing incentives for self development

• Plantation of rapidly growing tree species• Improve charcoal production methods• Improve Cooke stove efficiency• Promote biogas (crop residues, cow dank,

invasive species)• Promote biodiesel production• Reduction electricity cost in cities• Encourage co-generation of energy

• Plantation of rapidly growing tree species• Improve charcoal production methods• Improve Cooke stove efficiency• Promote biogas (crop residues, cow dank,

invasive species)• Promote biodiesel production• Reduction electricity cost in cities• Encourage co-generation of energy

Policy Market Research Migration Energy

Government

Sustainable ecosystem management in Cassou

International Research &

Development Institutes