Status of Water Resources in Utt kh d I dUttarakhand – Issues and

Challengesg

Rajendra ChalisgaonkarEngineer-in-Chiefg

Irrigation Department, Uttarakhand

India’s Land Resources 2% of the World

India’s Freshwater Resource 4% of the World

India’s Population 17% of the WorldIndia s Population 17% of the World

India’s Cattle Population 10% of the World

Geographical Area 329 mhag p

Non-cultivated AreaB /W L d

7%23%Barren/Waste Land 23%

Forested Area 23%Forested Area 23%

Cultivated Area (CA) 47%Cultivated Area (CA) 47%

Irrigated Area (produces 55%) 37% of CA

Rainfed Area (produces 45%) 63% of CA

TotalTotal precipitationprecipitation 40004000 BCMBCM

AnnualAnnual waterwater availabilityavailability(after(after accountingaccounting forfor losseslosses inin thethe formform 18691869 BCMBCMevaporationevaporation etcetc..))

UtilizableUtilizable waterwater(the(the availableavailable waterwater cannotcannot bebe fullyfully utilizedutilized duedue tototopographicaltopographical andand hydrologicalhydrological constraintsconstraints andand thetheneedneed forfor allowingallowing certaincertain amountamount ofof waterwater toto flowflow

11231123 BCMBCMneedneed forfor allowingallowing certaincertain amountamount ofof waterwater toto flowflowinin thethe riverriver forfor maintainingmaintaining thethe riverriver regimeregime..))

‐‐ SurfaceSurface waterwater‐‐ GroundGround waterwater

690690 BCMBCM433433 BCMBCM

Population Population Per Capita annual Per Capita annual Year Year Population Population

(in millions)(in millions) water availability water availability (in cubic meter)(in cubic meter)

19511951 361361 51775177

20012001 10271027 18201820

20252025 139139 13 113 120252025(projected)(projected) 13941394 13411341

20502050 16 016 0 11 011 020502050(projected)(projected) 16401640 11401140

•Water Per Capita •Water Stressed

pAvailability < 1700 Cubic

Meter per yearMeter per year

W t Per Capita •Water Scarce

Per Capita Availability < 1000 Cubic ScarceMeter per year

one of the hilly states in the Indian Himalaya. Formerly a part ofUttarakhand

y y y pUttar Pradesh (UP), Uttarakhand was created as the 27th state ofthe Indian Union on 9 November, 2000 by carving out the 13 hilldistricts of U P The elevation ranges from 210 to 7817 mdistricts of U.P. The elevation ranges from 210 to 7817 m.

Uttrakhand is well known for its Char Dham:-

YAMUNOTRI GANGOTRI

BADRINATH KEDARNATH

Plains31 60% 2001 CENSUS

Hills68 40%

31.60%

58 065 l

26.83 lac 2001 CENSUS

68.40% 58.065 lac

TOTAL POPULATION :84.89 LAC

35 39 lac

35%35.39 lac

65%

65 47 lac65.47 lac

TOTAL POPULATION :100.86 lac2011 CENSUS

Plains14%

7,448 km2

14%

Hill A 46 035 k 2Hilly Area86%

46,035 km2

46035 km2

Geographical Area = 53483 km2

Land use/ land cover Map of UttarakhandUttarakhand has a total geographic area of 53,483 km², of which 86% i t i d 65% i d b f t86% is mountainous and 65% is covered by forest.

Altitudinal zones of Uttarakhand and their attributes

S.No.

Zone/AltitudeFarming situation

SoilRainfall 

(mm/ year)Districts

att butes

1 Zone A. upto1.000 m

Tarai irrigated

Alluvial 1400 U.S. Nagar,Haridwar

Bhabhar Alluvial 1400 Nainital Dehradun1.000 m Bhabharirrigated

Alluvial mixed with boulders

1400 Nainital, Dehradunand Pauri Garhwal

irrigated Alluvial 2000‐2400 Champawat, Pauri,irrigated lower    hills (600‐1000 m)

Alluvial sandy soil

2000 2400 Champawat, Pauri, Dehradun. Garhwal.   Nainital, Garhwal. Tehri)

Rain‐fed lower    hills 

Residual sandy loam

2000‐2400 Champawat, PauriDehradun. 

(600‐1000 m)

Garhwal. Bageshwar. Nainital, Tehri

Contd………….

S.No.

Zone/AltitudeFarming situation

SoilRainfall (mm/ 

year)Districts

2 Zone B, 1000‐1500 m

Mid     hills, south aspect

Sandy loam 1200‐1300 Champawat, Nainitai,    Almoraaspect 

(1000‐1500 m

Almora. Dehradun,    Tehri, B hBageshwar.

3 Zone C, 1500‐2400 m

High     hills (1500‐2400 

Red to dark 1200‐2500 Pithoragarh. Almora,   

2400 m m) Chamoli, Bageshwar

4 Zone D >2 400 Very    high  Red      to  1300 Pithoragarh. 4 Zone D, >2.400 m

y ghills black clay

gChamoli, Uttarkashi

Land-use Pattern in Uttarakhand

Annual Normal Rainfall in Uttarakhand

S.  Major  No. of  Area  Volume  Snout Elevation (m. Glaciers of Uttarakhand

N. Basin Glaciers (km2) (Km3) asl)1 Yamuna 52 205 12.20 40402 Bhagirathi 238 755 67 02 41502 Bhagirathi 238 755 67.02 41503 Kali 271 969 43.77 41304 Alaknanda 407 1204 90.75 4240

Total 968 3133 213.74Distribution of glaciers in different himalayan states

State Glaciers Area(km2)

Average size(km)

Glacier in thestate (%)

J&K 5262 29163 55 0 55 0J&K 5262  29163  55.0 55.0Himachal 2736  4516  3.35  28.0Uttarakhand 968 2857 3.87 10.0Uttarakhand 968  2857  3.87  10.0Sikkim 449  706  1.50 5.00Arunachal 161 223 1.40 2.00

Present domestic water use

At t th t t l d d f d ti t f Utt kh dAt present the total demand of domestic water for Uttarakhand state is about 1279.32 MLD. The detail description of present demand and supply is shown below:

Present demand and supply for domestic water

Types of drinking water

No of drinking water

No of Profitable Persons

Total Demand of Drinking

Total supply of Drinking waterBy By Totalwater 

schemeswater schemes

Persons of Drinking water (MLD)

By Tubewells

By surface water

Total (MLD)

Urban 75 4071759 616.80 446.81 135.42 582.22R l 4286 5560473 662 52 286 76 234 43 529 16Rural 4286 5560473 662.52 286.76 234.43 529.16Total 4361 9632232 1279.32 733.57 369.84 1111.38

Districts of

Projected population Per capita water

Total water demand(LPD)

Forcasted demand for domestic water

Districts of Uttarakhand

water demand (LPD)

2016 2030 2016 2030

Almora 631000 639000 135 85185000 86265000Almora 631000 639000 135 85185000 86265000Bageshwar 270000 300000 135 36450000 40500000Chamoli 410000 460000 135 55350000 62100000h 280000 325000 135 37800000 43875000Champawat 280000 325000 135 37800000 43875000Dehradun 1850000 2300000 135 249750000 310500000

Pauri Garhwal 697000 780000 135 94095000 105300000Haridwar 2050000 2600000 135 276750000 351000000Nainital 1040000 1320000 135 140400000 178200000

Pithoragarh 510000 558000 135 68850000 75330000Rudraprayag 255000 285000 135 34425000 38475000Tehri Garhwal 645000 720000 135 87075000 97200000Udham Singh 243000000Udham Singh 

Nagar1800000 2300000 135 243000000 310500000

Uttarkashi 355000 420000 135 47925000 56700000Total 10793000 13007000 135 1457055000 1755945000

Ground Water Categorization of Blocks in Uttarakhand

S.No District SafeSemi‐Critical Critical

Over‐Exploited Saline 

1 Dehradun DoiwalaSahaspurSahaspurVikasnagar

2 Haridwar BahadarabadBhagwanpurNarsanKhanpurLaksarRoorkeeRoorkee

3 Udham Singh Nagar JaspurKashipur

BazpurGadarpurRudrapurSitargunj

KhatimaKhatima4 Nainital Ramnagar

Haldwani

Groundwater Resources Availability, Utilization in Uttarakhand As on March, 2013

S.No Name of District

Annual Replenishable Groundwater Resources

Natural Dischar

ge During

Net Groundwater 

Availabil

Anuual Groundwater Draft

During Non 

Monsoon Period

AvailabilityMonsoon Season Non Monsoon 

SeasonTotal  Irrigatio

nDomesti

c & Industrial Water

Total

Recharge from

Recharge from

Recharge from

Recharge from al Water 

Supplyfrom Rainfall

from Other Sources

from Rainfall

from Other Sources

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1236614. 36457.9 4930.

1 Dehradun 28303.59 1343.88 5184.58 1782.236614.25

156.336457.9

24291.97 638.4

4930.57

2 Haridwar 31278.34 15661.27 10140.62 31403.6388483.86

2353.2586130.6

140614.2

37992.45

48606.68

Udham Singh 64084 63421 3 393783

Udham Singh Nagar

43113.99 4529.02 7702.55 8739.2764084.83

663.4163421.3

833912.1 5466.3

39378.4

4 Nainital 7640.93 661.31 1199.3 1191.7810693.32

92.6510600.6

65295.2 549.48

5844.68

State Total 110336 8 199876 196610 84113 5 14646 6 98760State Total (ham)

110336.85

22195.48 24227.05 43116.88199876.26

3265.61196610.

5784113.5

014646.6

398760.33

State Total (bcm)

1.10 0.22 0.24 0.43 2.00 0.03 1.97 0.84 0.15 0.99

Water SectorWater  Sector‐[Problems & Challenges][Problems & Challenges]

• Heavy Precipitation

Cl d B t• Cloud Bursts

KEDARNATH AREA BEFORE AND AFTER JUNE 2013

CONFLUENCE OF RIVER MANDAKINI AT RUDRAPRAYAG BEFORE AND AFTER JUNE 2013

AFTER DISASTERAFTER DISASTER

tuin #ni;kxtuin #nziz;kx

Distt. R dRudraprayag

Distt. Chamoli

Madkot(Munsyari)Madkot(Munsyari), Distt. Pithoragarh

VIEW OF SRINAGAR AFTER FLOODS

Canals DamagedCanals Damaged Due to FloodsDue to Floods

D i G l C l H ld i P ll l G l C lDamages in Golapar Canal, Haldwani Parallel Gola Canal

Spill from Sukhi Bund, Begul River entered in Silted Upper Begul Canal U S Nagar Upper Begul Canal

Damaged Giwain Canal Damaged Head of Left Kho Canal

Damaged Ghat infront of Parmarth Niketan Damaged Head of Left Kho Canal

Damaged Kothwara Canal Bagban Canal

MEASURES TAKEN AFTERMEASURES TAKEN AFTER

THE DISASTERS S

RIPRAP at Udhamsnghnagar

Gabion Wall at Kedarnath

Gabion Wall at Gola RiverGabion Wall at Gola River

Gabion Wall at Ratmau River

DISTRICT UTTARKASHI

CEMENT CONCRETE WALL AT TILWARA, RUDRAPRAYAG

CEMENT CONCRETE WALL AT SUMARI, RUDRAPRAYAG

Temperature 

increase Change in Sea increase

Monsoon Pattern

IncreaseIncrease

Level Rise

Increase  in Rain Fall 

Intensity

Increase in 

Extreme Events

Impact of Climate Change

Decrease in No. of 

Change in Ground  g

Rainy Days

Ch

water Recharge

Decrease in Snow Fall

IncreaseIncrease

Change in 

Runoff Pattern

Increase in 

Evaporation rate

Increase in 

Glacier retreat

• Small Land Holdings

• Hilly Terrainsy

Benefit Cost Ratio• Benefit Cost Ratio

• Micro Irrigation

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2 D N i l W k h2 Days National Workshop organised by IWRS onorganised by IWRS on

will also address the issues related to Hilly States