INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

National workshop on National workshop on Challengers in Irrigation Management for Food Security

Nov 27, 2016

Solar Energy In IrrigationNov 27, 2016

Arun Kumar Manish KumarArun Kumar Manish KumarProfessor and MNRE Chair Professor  Research Scholar

Alternate Hydro Energy Centre,Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee,

E‐mail : aheciitr.ak@gmail.com, naik.manish17@gmail.com

Introduction

• Water is a basic necessity of life such as for drinking,irrigation, livestock, or domestic use etc.

• Millions of cubic meters are pumped every day all over theworld for rural applications, with electricity and onsitegenerators being utilized as the primary sources of powergenerators being utilized as the primary sources of power.

• Renewable energy can be significantly used for irrigationactivities due to falling prices of renewables energy sources.

• Solar PV technologies, providing farmers and rural residentswith environmentally friendly power sources to pump waterwith clear competitive advantages over traditional fuel drivenwith clear competitive advantages over traditional fuel‐drivengenerators.

Use of Solar Energy

• Available abundantly.

• India receives 5000 trillion kWh/year of solar energy over itsland area with most regions receiving around 4‐7kWh/m2/daykWh/m /day.

• Offers a financially feasible and technically practical solution.

• Solar water pumping becoming very common in agriculturalSolar water pumping becoming very common in agriculturalapplications.

• Different modes of use; solar thermal based water pumps,SPV water pumps , PV based desalination, PV basedgreenhouses.

Solar Resource Drought Prone Area 

Impacts

• Improving capital returnsImproving capital returns.

• Reverting eco‐systems damage. 

i i h• Increasing economic growth.

• Reducing GHG emissions. 

• Improvement of water management. 

• Reduce intensive use of energyReduce intensive use of energy. 

Solar PV based Water Pumps ( )(SPVWPs)

• Most widely used application of solar energyMost widely used application of solar energy.

• The life time of PV modules can last for 25 years.

• The payback year is 4 to 6 years compared with• The payback year is 4 to 6 years compared withthe system with generator.

S i di l f l t• Saving diesel fuel cost.

• Easy to be installed and maintained.

• Low maintenance cost.

• High economic benefit in rural area.

SPVWPs for Agriculture and Drinking Water Commissioned (source: MNRE annual report 2015­16)

Major Components j p

• PV panelsPV panels.

• Controller.

C/ C (S f d ll)• DC/AC motor pump (Surface or deep well).

• Storage volume.

• Some systems use batteries as a storage volume while others use water tanks. 

• Mounting structure, wiring, piping, float switch and othersswitch and others. 

Types of SPVWP

• Direct coupled solar water pumpDirect coupled solar water pump

1) Surface mounted pumps

2) S b ibl2) Submersible pumps

• Battery coupled

1) Surface mounted pumps

2) Submersible pumps2) Submersible pumps

Direct Coupled SPVWP 

• Direct driven SPV water pumps are simple indesign and low in cost because they do not usedesign and low in cost because they do not usebattery.

• The amount of water pumped is depending onh f di i f lli h PVthe amount of radiation falling on the PV arrayduring the entire day.

• No power storage system the system operateNo power storage system, the system operateduring daytime only.

• If large storage tank is constructed to collectwater then can also operate in cloudy and lowlight conditions.

Components of Direct Coupled SPVWP

• PV array as a power source.PV array as a power source.• Storage tank to store water for 24 hoursworking of the system.working of the system.

• Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)system to extract the maximum power fromsystem to extract the maximum power fromthe PV array.

• Inverter, if applicable.Inverter, if applicable.• DC/AC surface mounted/submersible/floatingmotor pump set.motor pump set.

Direct Coupled Submersible Solar Pump

11 kW Solar Submersible Pump, V i h li  BihVaishali, Bihar

Direct Coupled Surface Mounted Solar PumpPump

1,800 Wp surface pump, Landra, Punjab 1,800 Wp surface pump, Landra, Punjab 

Battery Coupled SPVWP• Converted electrical energy by PV panel is stored inbatteries during day time or clear sunny days.

• Supplies power to the water pumps whenever it isneeded for irrigation.

• Enhance operational hours.

• Also work in low radiation condition.

• The major disadvantage is increment in system costand complexity.

Battery Coupled Submersible Solar Pump

Battery Coupled Surface Mounted  Solar PPump

5400 Wp Solar Pump, Tamil Nadu5400 Wp Solar Pump, Tamil Nadu

SPV water Pump, Choraidand and Khatanga  ChhattisgarhKhatanga, Chhattisgarh

Solar Thermal Energy Based Water Pumps (STEWPs)

• Works on the principle of thermodynamics.

• Widely used systems are rankine cycle based• Widely used systems are rankine cycle based. 

• Feasible only for large scale irrigation systems.

• Costly and complex.

Components of STEWPs

Mostly parabolic trough based systems areMostly parabolic trough based systems areused for large scale irrigation systems and theircomponents are:components are:

• Parabolic trough concentrator.

H h• Heat exchangers.

• Cooling system.

• Power systems and reservoir. 

Solar thermal Energy based water pumpspumps

PV Based Green Houses 

• Greenhouse roof can be used for PV installation.• The environment control inside the greenhouse such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, ventilation, and growth factor etc. are electricity consumingventilation, and growth factor etc. are electricity consuming process.

• Serve three purpose; 1) Produce electricity. 2) Control inside temperature (Because of 

PV module back side temperature).3) Produced electricity can be used for irrigation of   

hgreenhouse crops. 

Semitransparent PV based Greenhouse

• Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have drawnOrganic photovoltaics (OPVs) have drawngreat attraction due to its unique propertieslike transparency flexibility light weight andlike transparency, flexibility, light weight andlow cost .

• OPV could be best possible option for• OPV could be best possible option forgreenhouse systems.

Bl k l i f li h d h• Block only portion of sunlight and pass theremaining sunlight inside the greenhouse.

Semitransparent PV Based Greenhouse

Multi­crystalline PV Technology Based G hGreenhouses

• Multi Si technology can be used in greenhouse• Multi‐Si technology can be used in greenhouse systems.

O l h lf i f f f h i• Only half portion of roof of greenhouse system is utilized and rest of the portion of roof  is remain 

d t th li ht f h t th iuncovered to pass the sunlight for photosynthesis process.

Solar Green Houses Installed in Kargil

PV based DesalinationPV based Desalination

• Shortage of freshwater is a major concernShortage of freshwater is a major concern.

• Freshwater is being used for agriculture holdsthe 70% share of total consumption and aboutthe 70% share of total consumption and about80% in India.

A il bili f f h b i d b• Availability of freshwater can be increased bydesalination of brackish water using solar

h lenergy technology.

Conventional Method of Desalination lusing Solar Energy 

Solar Desalination System Installed at NISE, Gurugram

Solar Powered Electrodialysis (ED) l h lDesalination Technology 

• According to study conducted by MIT researcher,g y y ,ED desalination technology could be a bestpossible option for desalination in coastal areas.

• Brackish water is passed through the center of• Brackish water is passed through the center oftwo opposite charge electrodes.

• The salt dissolved in brackish water whichThe salt dissolved in brackish water whichcontains the positive and negative ions are pulledout of the water by these two electrodes.Abl h 90% f h• Able to recover more than 90% freshwatercompared to RO technique which is able torecover only 40 to 60%.y

Solar Powered ElectrodialysisDesalinationDesalination

Promotional Scheme for SPV Based Water Pumping Systems

• Ministry of New and Renewable energy (MNRE),y gy ( ),Government of India offers a capital support topromote the SPV based water pumping systems forirrigationirrigation.

• The target of this scheme is to setup a 30000 SPVbased pumping units per year in whole country.p p g p y y

• The SPV based water pumps of capacity up to 10 HPare only eligible to receive subsidy under this scheme.

• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development(NABARD) channelizes the financial process.

System Cost Analysis System Cost Analysis 

Sl Models  System Cost No  (�)

1 M d l I (1800 W 1 5 HP) 3 08 3201  Model – I (1800 Wp – 1.5 HP)  3,08,320 

2 Model II (2200 Wp 2 HP) 3 47 2002  Model – II (2200 Wp – 2 HP)  3,47,200 

3 Model – III (3000 Wp – 3 HP) 5 58 4003  Model – III (3000 Wp – 3 HP)  5,58,400 

4 Model – IV (5000 Wp – 4 HP) 7 67 2004  Model  IV (5000 Wp 4 HP)  7,67,200 

MNRE Capital Subsidyp y

Sr. No.  SPV System  Capacity  Maximum subsidy y p y yPer HP (in �)

1. DC Pumps Upto 2 HP 57,6001.  DC Pumps  Upto 2 HP  57,600 

>2 HP to 5 HP  54,000 

2. AC Pumps  Upto 2 HP  50,400 

>2 HP to 5 HP 43 200>2 HP to 5 HP  43,200 

3.  For pumps >5HP‐10 HP, subsidy amount is fixed at Rs.1,94,400/‐per pump 

ConclusionConclusion

• Reduce environmental Impacts by lowering CO2• Reduce environmental Impacts by lowering CO2emissions and avoiding fossil fuel use.

• Use of distributed generation will improve the currentUse of distributed generation will improve the currentenergy system.

• Jobs Creation.Jobs Creation.

• Training and Participation of indigenous people.

• Increase of health conditionsIncrease of health conditions.

• Improvement in quality of life.

THANK YOU

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