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Defence and Security Accelerator
Defence and Security AcceleratorDefence and Security Accelerator
Challenge 2 – Military context
Challenge 2Free up personnel through the application of innovative use of machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) for military advantage
Next generation Air ForceInformation collection
Human analytic capacity
People
TechnologyProcess
Cha
lleng
e
Decision advantage
Manage, analyse and exploit multiple information sources
…….at pace
Exponential data
Identify the right 1%
Constrained human capacity
RAF ISTAR* Force*Intelligence Surveillance Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance
E-3D Sentry Shadow R1
Rivet JointSentinel R1
Reaper - Protector
1 ISR Wing P-8 PoseidonTornado Tac Recce
Space
Exponential data – ISR Services
Multi-Intelligence Fusion & Cross-Cue
Automation AI Analytics
Optimise Intelligence
Analyst Fusion /
Cross-Cue
ImageryMulti-SpectralHyper-Spectral
ElectronicCommunications
Foreign Intel SystemsMeasurement & Signatures
Cyber & EMAcousticsHuman
Open SourceHistorical /Archive
Direct
Collect
Process
Disseminate
PROCESS Information = Human / Machine Partnership
Decision Advantage
Human / machine analytics
Open source activity
Ground moving targets
Google imager
y
Cyber and electromagnetic activity
Airborne imagery
Synthetic radar
imagery
Recognised air
picture
Wider opportunitiesEngineering and logistics
• improve aviation safety• keep aircraft in the air for longer• environmental stress and trend analysis• work closer to mandated tolerance limits
Cyber defence• continuous activity on networks• identify the anomalies
Conclusion• decision advantage
• exponential data vs human capacity – close the gap
• the right 1% ..... at pace
• human and machine in partnership
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Defence and Security Accelerator
Defence and Security AcceleratorDefence and Security Accelerator
Challenge 2: Technical perspective
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LSVRC* classification challenge: error rates by year red line = human error rate
…
Face recognitionSpeech recognition Lip reading Machine translation
*Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge
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What do we want?
Over-fitting
Free and open-source software (where appropriate)
Solve one aspect of the problem well
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Automated activity classificationMOD requires methods for automated detection and classification of activities and intents from multiple sensor types using state-of-the-art machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI)
Fathom neural computer stick
Adversarial machine learning example
• beyond simple feature extraction• ability to operate “at the edge”• semi-supervised and un-
supervised methods• approaches to enable robust
deployment (for example adversarial machine learning)
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Cognitive computing
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Automated speech recognition
Knowledge graphs
Natural language question answering
Automation of manual tasks
Flag adversary activity of interest
Infer new “knowledge”
Identification of false information
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Combined human/machine derived models
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MOD is interested in the combination of human-derived models, exploiting domain knowledge using a rules-based approach; with machine-derived models, which require large volumes of data and driven by machine learning technologies. How do we:• combine data and human derived models• build more robust statistical models of subjective measures
(for example assessment of threat)• ensure data-driven models are transparent and
understandable for analysts and operators?
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Predictive analyticsApplication of machine learning in support of predictive modelling to guide military decision
making. MOD requires solutions which go beyond enhancing military understanding of current situations, but predicts future outcomes, including actions, anomalies, intent and
movements, to guide decision makers in support of operational planning.
UK OFFICIAL
Information overload
Situation understanding
Predictive analytics
Prescriptive analytics
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Defence and Security Accelerator
Defence and Security AcceleratorDefence and Security Accelerator
Challenge 3 – military context
Revolutionise the human information relationship for Defence
an Army perspective
Challenge 3 To make effective use of operator cognitive capacity, particularly by human-machine teaming Key points for the Land Environment• considerable improvements need to be made in the interaction between people
and systems• develop approaches that enable collaborative decision making and
intelligence analysis to support planning activities and military operations
Real world considerations• we start from a brownfield site• need to straddle multiple branches• data is everywhere but what matters most?• there is no intelligence but information of specific value• essential enabling conditions & foundations?• we are still talking about the chaos of war• our enemies have a very real vote• our ability to operate over degraded networks and
federated command and control
Army considerations
Resetting focus to warfighting at Divisional level: • bandwidth, computation and size, weight
and power (SWAP)• Moore’s Law and narrowing of technical
competitive edge• international by design • being a people AND platform force• maximizing people and talent:
knowledge, skills and experience
Mission threads
• look beyond information exchange requirements (IERs)
• gaps in our staff process/approach• information must be treated and
consumed as an essential service• must be command-driven and
anticipatory
Human information interaction
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How can I (and my team):• rapidly and intuitively locate key information for my role• indicate that certain information is important, and why and when so
I can find it again• record/create information without worrying where it is located and
not being able to find it again• record key relationships between information• understand accuracy and provenance• be told if I need to know but don’t have permission to access • prevent being swamped by the scale and complexity of available
information
What is the enabling architecture in the fixed space and deployed?
Wider Defence Lines Of Development (DLOD) considerations
• personnel – what key skills and experience do we develop?• doctrine – can we conceptually keep pace? • infrastructure - what is the technology readiness level (TRL)
‘aiming point’?• training
• individual, professional and collective burden?• TRAIN AS WE FIGHT
• integration – let’s not be afraid to fail• interoperability – designed in at the outset
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Defence and Security Accelerator
Defence and Security Accelerator
Challenge 3Making more effective use of operator cognitive capacity, in particular by human-machine teaming
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Aims
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Obtain and exploit innovative ideas that:• Ensure that human cognitive capacity (which is limited) is applied to
those parts of military problems that humans can undertake best
• Reduce unnecessary consumption of human cognitive capacity on activities better supported by automation
• Achieve the above by ensuring that human and automated parts work effectively in unison avoiding pitfalls and problems
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Human limitations
• limited attention capacity• limited short term memory capacity• difficulty with rapid recall• difficulty in spotting patterns spread out over time• “law” of least cognitive effort• many cognitive biases• intuition and probability/statistics often conflict
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Typical limits of current automation• No self awareness
• Typically have static behaviours• Can’t innovate, work or generalise
to select appropriate approaches or generate new ones
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Human-machine teaming areas
1. memory2. reasoning3. relevant roles4. individual and team Interaction
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SummaryWe are interested in solutions:
• which take account of team context• that don’t increase training load, are intuitive to use, and adoptable by
non-experts operating in stressful environments• that can start small and simple, have rapid application, but have the
potential to scale upWe are not interested in solutions:
• that replace the human component or relegate role of the human• which fail to take account of identified automation pitfalls• which might force people into unnatural ways of operating• that are stand-alone human machine interaction technologies
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Memory
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Record and recall important information
Interested in solutions to aid• rapid recall and finding
related information• augmented human memory
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Reasoning
Record and process reasoning related information• represent/store questions, hypotheses, assumptions and
uncertainties• continuously check reasoning against incoming data stream• apply reasoning to generate new findings, create new
questions and hypotheses etc.
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Relevant roles
Illustration by Andrew Rae
Tendency to automate everything or roles which humans can do better
• for example abstraction, pattern matching across diverse input, self assessment/reflection, idiosyncrasy, creativeness
Interested in• novel approaches which demonstrate more appropriate assignment
of relevant tasks/roles to human and machine• approaches which keep human interested, engaged and workload at
appropriate level (no under/overload)
Overall Concept• team design based on SQEP of human and machine parts
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Individual and team interactionTendency to stove-pipe human machine tasks/roles
• no effective team-working between human and machine• teaming ‘capacity/behaviours’ is difficult
Interested in solutions that• improve interworking based on a equivalent team member interaction
concept• exploit team contextual information• dynamically vary what human/machine parts are doing
Overall concept• augment human teams with machine team members
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Defence and Security Accelerator
Defence and Security AcceleratorDefence and Security Accelerator
How will the competition work?
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Up to £6 million available
Competition value
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2 track, 2 phase approach
Competition structure
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Phase 1
TRL 7
TRL 2
TRL 3
TRL 4
TRL 5
TRL 6
Phase 2
Two phased approach to innovation
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Fast trackPhase 1Project duration 3 monthsProposal up to £150,000Phase 2Project duration 6 months
Competition structure
Standard trackPhase 1Project duration 6 monthsProposal up to £100,000Phase 2Project duration12 months
Same level of phase 2 funding between the two tracks
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Fast track• Higher level of phase 1 funding
• Shorter time to market
• Potential access to demonstration opportunities
Benefits
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Benefits
Standard track• additional development time to prove a novel concept
• time to form new collaborations to enhance a phase 2
proposal
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Collaboration
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A
Exploitation
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Competition document
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Additional information
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Challenges
Competition structure
3
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Allowing rapid and automated integration of new sensors
Challenge
1
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What we are interested in:
• integration of raw data sensors
• integration of intelligent information sources
• processing
• fusion
• autonomous sensor management
Challenge
1
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What we are not interested in:
• mechanisms to enable non-cooperative access
to collection assets
• solutions where the number of sensors is limited
• distributed architectures
Challenge
1
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Free up personnel by the innovative use of machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence for military advantage
Challenge
2
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What we are interested in:
• automated activity classification
• cognitive computing
• combined human machine derived models
• predictive analytics
Challenge
2
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What we are not interested in:
• machine-learning solutions which are highly
optimised for input training data, leading to
problems associated with over-fitting and
failure when environmental parameters
change
Challenge
2
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Make effective use of operator cognitive capacity, particularly by human-machine teaming
Challenge
3
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What we are interested in:
• memory
• reasoning
• teaming – relevant roles
• teaming – individual and team interaction
Challenge
3
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What we are not interested in solutions that:
• replace the human or which require no
human involvement
• are overly complex, require substantial
training
• force people into unnatural ways of
operating or behaving
Challenge
3
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What we are not interested in solutions that:
• don’t include integration with other proposed
solutions delivering information and
processing capability
• use static information visualisation solutions
Challenge
3
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Online bid submission
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Assessors
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Intellectual property
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Technical partners
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Technical queries
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Competition closes
March
2121 March 2017 at 12 noon
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Defence and Security Accelerator
Defence and Security AcceleratorDefence and Security Accelerator
Exploitation through export opportunities
Facilitating Exploitation
The Defence Growth Partnership
Outcomes:
Skills
Context
Operating impartially in the pre-competitive space allows an excellent opportunity for open customer engagement and for UK industry to collaborate and innovate effectively.
Market opportunity
A proven partnership• DGP Innovation
Challenges• Training• Persistent Surveillance• Big Data and Autonomy
• Designed to address exportability and exploitation
• £10M initial investment by MoD
Enabling ExploitationCo-Investment Delivered
MoD ATI Industry
Protection
Power
Communications
Data
Lower Cost of Ownership
Human Performance
Mobility
Lethality
Situational Awareness
Energy & Energy Distribution
Autonomy
Big Data
Communications
Low Cost Space
Materials & Manufacturing Technology
Military Aircraft
Quantum
Security
Sensing
Services
Training & Simulation
Systematic exploitation
Future capability?
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Defence and Security Accelerator
Defence and Security AcceleratorDefence and Security Accelerator
Exploitation through non-defence marketsDual use technology exploitation cluster
Facilitating Dual Use ExploitationWill Searle
DUTE Partnership with non-defence industry
DUTE is the DGP’s £20M Dual Use Technology cluster:
• DUTE was created to identify and leverage technologies from adjacent sectors such as rail and civil aerospace, and put them to dual use. The initial cluster was founded with £13m of joint Government and Industry AMSCI funding
• through SME, Prime and mid-tier engagement, DUTE has raised further investment with adjacent sector co-funding of £7.5m, to stimulate productivity, prosperity and export agendas in line with BEIS, MOD and DSO policy
Communities of InterestSME Equity Fund
Dual Use Technology…
Developing UK IndustryDeveloping skills
with SME’s & large companies
together; building enduring value
chains
Creating the right conditions to invest.
Embracing the Defence Innovation
Initiative
Leveraging from non-defence sectors.
Open engagements through
Communities of Interest
Exportability TrainingSystems Engineering Masters Apprenticeship Programme…
Innovation ChallengesCo-Investment Framework
Winning Exports
Understanding our strategic markets & approaching them
in a joined up manner
Creating the most capable Industry-
Government Teams
Strategic Market Analysis, Country Engagement Plans…
Team UK
How can DGP support Defence, Security to unlock adjacent sector opportunities in Defence Innovation and Industry growth?
Energy and Energy Distribution
Military Aircraft
Big Data
Communications
Low Cost Space
Materials and Manufacturing Tech
Autonomy
Quantum
Security
Sensing
Services
Training and Simulation
Protection
Power
Communications
Data
Lower Cost of Ownership
Human Performance
Mobility
Lethality
Situational Awareness
We can offer support and collaboration through the DGP communities of interest via the UK Defence Solution Centre and DUTE in order to explore how relationships, independent from the contract with the MOD, can maximise opportunities for Defence exports or sales into adjacent sectors.
A worked example of Dual Use Technology Exploitation currently under review
2015
2017
2016
Suppliers Establishe
dTeam Build & Support
Dual Use Success
Dual Use Export Growth
August – November 2016
Adjacent Sector Exploitation and
Application August 2015DUTE Consortium
Building for UK Supply Chain
May – July 2016Engaged Support for
Submission and Review
DSC Persistent Surveillance Challenge
Launched
September – October 2015Opportunity Mapping with Zephyr
Team
September 2015DUTE Funds Launched @
DSEi
DSC Persistent Surveillance Challenge
Winners AnnouncedDUTE Sector
Support
February - April 2016
Aligning non-Defence R&D
January – November 2016Aerospace & Automoive Partner and Engagement during project
development
Automotive Capability Aligned to Support Defence Markets
Potential dual use opportunities for the AI & Machine Learning which ca n leverage commercial technologies inward to Defence . .
• THE COMMERCAIL NETWORK OPPORTUNITY
Britain is 54th in the world for 4G coverage with black spots occurring in places that should have adequate signals such as rail routes, roads and city centers . ... 5G is coming & UK lead the innovation
• THE ENDLESS DEMAND FOR CONNECTIVITY
Connectivity in personal devices enabling greater safety, security and maintenance scenarios
A sensor that communicates with other connected service providers and devices to deliver relevant and convenient digital services
• A COMMON OPPORTUNITY PRESENTED Build a value chain grounded in innovation giving
fast, reliable, secure bandwidth so to unlock a UK competitive advantage for defence and security through commercial sector reuse
DGP support to the Defence Challenge FOR Innovation
• The Defence Growth Partnership, as part of the Government’s Defence Industrial Strategy: By working with UK-DSC and DUTE we can offer independent support to:
• bring together existing capability from extensive interest groups for UK Defence • drawing together the conversations and help foster focussed support from across sectors• maximise focus and galvanise the engagement with DSA for growth and export
Communities of InterestSME Equity Fund
Dual Use Technology…
Developing UK IndustryDeveloping skills
with SME’s & large companies
together; building
enduring value chains
Creating the right conditions
to invest.Embracing the
Defence Innovation InitiativeExportability Training
Systems Engineering Masters Apprenticeship
Programme…
Innovation ChallengesCo-Investment
Framework
Winning Exports
Understanding our strategic
markets & approaching
them in a joined up manner
Creating the most capable Industry-
Government Teams
Strategic Market Analysis, Country
Engagement Plans…
Team UK
DGP support to the Defence Challenge FOR Innovation
Leveraging from non-defence sectors.
Open engagements through
Communities of Interest
