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VISUAL AIDS Neville A. Mehta International Secretary India, South Asia and East Africa

Visual Aids FDI-2010

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Visual Aids FDI-2010

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VISUAL AIDS

• Neville A. MehtaInternational Secretary India, South Asia and East Africa

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WHAT ISLESSON PRESENTATION ?

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To make trainers i.e. yourself aware of the proper use of most common types of visual aids.

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"FOUR SCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO, OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH ON THIS CONTINENT A NEW NATION: CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY, AND DEDICATED TO THE PROPOSITION THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL.

NOW WE ARE ENGAGED IN A GREAT CIVIL WAR. . .TESTING WHETHER THAT NATION, OR ANY NATION SO CONCEIVED AND SO DEDICATED. . . CAN LONG ENDURE. WE ARE MET ON A GREAT BATTLEFIELD OF THAT WAR. WE HAVE COME TO DEDICATE A PORTION OF THAT FIELD AS A FINAL RESTING PLACE FOR THOSE WHO HERE GAVE THEIR LIVES THAT THAT NATION MIGHT LIVE. IT IS ALTOGETHER FITTING AND PROPER THAT WE SHOULD DO THIS. BUT, IN A LARGER SENSE, WE CANNOT DEDICATE. . .WE CANNOT CONSECRATE. . . WE CANNOT HALLOW THIS GROUND. THE BRAVE MEN, LIVING AND DEAD, WHO STRUGGLED HERE HAVE CONSECRATED IT, FAR ABOVE OUR POOR POWER TO ADD OR DETRACT. THE WORLD WILL LITTLE NOTE, NOR LONG REMEMBER, WHAT WE SAY HERE, BUT IT CAN NEVER FORGET WHAT THEY DID HERE. IT IS FOR US THE LIVING, RATHER, TO BE HERE DEDICATED TO THE UNFINISHED WORK WHICH THEY WHO FOUGHT HERE HAVE THUS FAR SO NOBLY ADVANCED. IT IS RATHER FOR US TO BE HERE DEDICATED TO THE GREAT TASK REMAINING BEFORE US. . .THAT FROM THESE HONORED DEAD WE TAKE INCREASED DEVOTION TO THAT CAUSE FOR WHICH THEY GAVE THE LAST FULL MEASURE OF DEVOTION. . . THAT WE HERE HIGHLY RESOLVE THAT THESE DEAD SHALL NOT HAVE DIED IN VAIN. . . THAT THIS NATION, UNDER GOD, SHALL HAVE A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM. . . AND THAT THIS GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE. . .BY THE PEOPLE. . .FOR THE PEOPLE. . . SHALL NOT PERISH FROM THE EARTH. "

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• Letters are too small

• Too much information

• Cannot read from back of room

• Does not add anything to the lesson

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Visual Aids

A visual aid is any visual supplement to a lesson that assists the instructor in communicating and the learner in understanding the message.

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Visual Aids Objectives

• Identify advantages and disadvantages

• Design effective visual aids

• Use properly in a presentation

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Responses may include:

• Video

• Simulators

• Models or samples of actual objects

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Would anyone like to tell us a characteristic of a good visual aid?

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• Simple

• Clear

• Easy to read

• Relate to content

• Interesting

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The way we will examine visual aids now is to start with the most commonly-used visual aid in training today.

1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages so we can determine its usefulness.

2. Then we’ll look at some tips from successful designers and trainers on how to create and properly use the visual aid.

3. We’ll look at examples, good and not so good, and see what we can do to improve on those that are lacking.

4. Finally, we’ll create some visual aids of our own.

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Computer-Generated Visuals

When we talk about computer-generated visuals today, we will be referring to PowerPoint presentations. PowerPoint is a powerful tool for creating and delivering presentations, and can also be used as an effective visual aid to support and enhance classroom sessions.

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Why PowerPoint?

• Easy to use

• Easy to change/maintain• Allows for graphics, animation, and photos

• Easy to change/maintain

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First of all, PowerPoint is easy to use. With the help of a wireless mouse, you can move around the room and still control your visuals. You don’t need to return to the projector to change slides.

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From the point of view of making changes, PowerPoint is easy to edit for errors or if you find that you want to emphasize a particular part of the message.

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Finally, PowerPoint offers almost unlimited opportunities in what can be presented. With a reasonable amount of training, a developer of PowerPoint can enliven presentations with graphics, animation, and photos. It even has the capability to add video and audio.

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Creating Effective Slides

• Keep it simple

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Too much!!!!

• Too much action

• Distracting fonts

• Distracting fonts

• Distracting fonts

•Too many colors• G

raphics

“ove

rload”

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Creating Effective Slides

• Keep it simple

• Use key words

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Growing Petunias

Incorporate timed-release fertilizer into the soil when planting window boxes or other containers. Otherwise fertilize regularly every two weeks with a liquid fertilizer meant specially for flowering plants. ("Spreading" types require weekly fertilizing.)For a fertilizer recommendation tailor made to your specific garden conditions, have an accurate soil test run. Contact your local County Extension office or the Soil Testing Lab at the University of Minnesota for information.Petunias tolerate lots of heat, and are relatively undemanding when it comes to water. Except for "spreading" types, which require frequent watering, thorough watering once a week should be sufficient in all but the worst weather. Leave sprinklers on long enough to soak the soil to a depth of six to eight inches every time you water. Hanging baskets and other containers also need more frequent watering, perhaps as often as daily, depending on their size and the volume of soil they contain.

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Creating Effective Slides

• Keep it simple

• Use key words

• Limit fonts and colors

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PowerPoint provides a wealth of styles and colors and font sizes. In different situations you will want to select a specific style or color, and select different font sizes for emphasis. But research has shown that too much variation on a single slide distracts the viewer, and sometimes has a negative impact on learning.

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Text Guidelines

• No more than two (or maybe three?) different fonts

• No more than two (or maybe three?) text colors

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• Make sure your text is large enough for everyone to read.

• Use both upper and lower case letters. Upper case letters alone are harder to read, because there is no contrast in height.

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Creating Effective Slides

• Keep it simple

• Use key words

• Limit fonts and colors

• Use pictures, graphs, and charts

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Quarterly Growth Report

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Pictures, drawings, charts and graphs can often get your message across better than words. PowerPoint can actually create some of these graphics for you.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

East

West

North

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Creating Effective Slides

• Keep it simple

• Use key words

• Limit fonts and colors

• Use pictures, graphs, and charts

• Follow rule of sixes…or try!

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Rule of Sixes

• No more than six lines• No more than six words• No more than six lines• No more than six words• No more than six lines• No more than six words

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Using PowerPoint Effectively

• Don’t rely on the slides

• Don’t just read

• Time your remarks

• Focus on the audience

• Give it a rest

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Steps in the Collaborative Approach

1. They explain

2. You paraphrase

3. You explain

4. You check for understanding

Understand the problem

5. Together you create

6. Together you choose

Create a “win-win” solution

7. Together you evaluate

Ensure the solution is correct

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District Governor’s Advisory Committee

What is it? The district governor’s advisory committee is a support group for clubs, which promotes unity and an exchange of ideas among clubs

Who belongs to it? Club presidents & secretaries and zone chairpersons belong to the committee

Where does it meet? The committee meets in each zoneWhen should it meet? It should meet at least three times a

year

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Types of Recognition

Informal

• Everyday ways to show appreciation

• Appropriate, genuine, and continuous

• Worth becoming a habit

Formal

• Certificates

• Pins

• Banners

• Medals

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Overhead Transparencies

Advantages

• Economical to use/produce

• Portable• Presenter faces

audience/eye control• Can be

changed/modified as needed

• Easy to create• Suitable for large

groups

Disadvantages

• May require room adjustments to reduce sight problems

• Easy to “mix up”/ handling difficulty

• Create time lapse during transfer

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Overhead Transparencies

Advantages

• Bright enough to use in lighted room

• Presenter has control of time/sequence

• Material can be revealed in small pieces by uncovering sections

• Comfortable and simple to use

• Can be prepared in advance or as needed

Disadvantages

• Can be distracting if overused

• Possible mechanical failure

• Presenter must remain near projector

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Tips On Using the Overhead Projector

Before the Presentation

1. Number your transparencies to keep them in order.2. Set up and test the projector before the presentation.

Be sure you have an extra bulb.3. Place the screen and projector at an angle for clear

audience view.

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Tips On Using the Overhead Projector

During the Presentation

4. Don’t turn on the projector until you are using it and have a transparency in place.

5. Make sure the transparencies are positioned properly.6. Don’t look at or point to the screen. Face the

audience and look down at the transparency.

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Tips On Using the Overhead Projector

During the Presentation

7. To reveal one item at a time, put a sheet of paper over the transparency and slide it down point by point.

8. When you are finished with a transparency, turn off the projector or cover the projection stage.

9. Use a pencil or pointer. Don’t point with your finger.10. When you are finished with your overhead

presentation, turn off the projector and move it aside if possible.

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Activity

Take 5 minutes in your group to:

• Select one of the transparency samples on pages 10-12

• Create an improved version of the transparency utilizing the design tips mentioned in the session

• Be prepared to share your transparency and your design rationale with the rest of the class

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Flipcharts

Advantages

• Economical• Easily altered/replaced• Can be saved and

referred to later• Can be prepared in

advance or as needed

Disadvantages

• Bulky to move/transport• Lettering must be large• Requires good penmanship• Presenter must turn away

from audience

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Flipchart Design Tips

1. Use colors to add impact. Use dark colors for text -- light colors only to highlight or emphasize.

2. Alternate colors to allow ideas to stand out.

3. Place lesson notes in pencil in the margins.4. Number any charts for reference.

5. Place a blank sheet between pre-made sheets to prevent bleedthrough.

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Tips on Using Flipchart

1. Use a pointer instead of your hand to point to the chart.

2. When pointing, stand so that you do not have to turn your back to the audience. Example: If you are using your right hand, stand to the viewers’ right of the chart.

3. Write quickly but clearly.

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Activity

Take 10 minutes in your group to:

• Select one of the scenarios described below

• Create a flipchart that would support a presentation on the scenario

• Be prepared to share your flipchart and your design rationale with the rest of the class

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We need for you to

• Display your flipchart,

• Tell us what topic it involves,

• Why you chose to create it the way you did,

• And what design principles you used.

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Whiteboards, ChalkboardsCopyboards

Advantages

• Economical• Easy to use• Easily altered /modified/

corrected

Disadvantages

• Often stationary• Content not permanent• Not professional looking• Difficult to prepare in

advance• Presenter must turn back

to the audience

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Whiteboards, Chalkboards,Copyboards

Advantages

• Ideal for group brainstorming

• Can be used in fully lighted room

• No mechanical equipment needs

Disadvantages

• Can require drawing skills• Requires good penmanship• Can be messy• Chalkboards can make

adults feel like children

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Whiteboards/ChalkboardsDesign Tips

1. Use colors to add impact.2. Alternate colors to allow ideas to stand out.3. Make sure letters are large enough to be visible.4. Use upper and lower case letters.5. Use borders and boxes to separate material.

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Tips on UsingWhiteboards/Chalkboards

1. Face the audience when you are not writing.2. When pointing, stand so that you do not have to turn

your back to the audience. Example: If you are using your right hand, stand to the viewers’ right of the board.

3. Paraphrase learner responses and immediately verify accuracy with the learner.

4. Write quickly but clearly.5. Immediately erase sections that are no longer needed.

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Copyboards are whiteboards that contain a built-in thermal copier.

Any image written or drawn on or taped to the board surface can be copied to provide immediate handouts during a presentation.

The newest generation of copyboards even provide a means to download the contents of the board to your computer and either send them or share them in live web meetings.

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Handouts are especially versatile because they can serve so many purposes in a lesson.

Handouts can be used before, during, or after a presentation, and can function as supporting data, worksheets, outlines, or questionnaires.

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Handouts

Advantages

• Provide permanent record of learning

• Reduce need for note taking

• Can supply additional information

Disadvantages

• May cause audience to lose focus/attention

• Can interrupt flow of lesson• Can create incorrect

perception of lesson if read prior to presentation

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Handout Design Tips

1. Keep your handouts simple. Do not try to cover too many points or say too many things in one handout.

2. Keep your handouts clear. Whether you are using a chart or graph, showing a sketch with labeled parts, or giving a procedure in words, make sure the message is as clear as possible to the audience.

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Tips on Using Handouts

1. Prepare enough handouts to have extras.

2. If you will be using more than one handout, arrange them using paper clips or in folders in the order in which they will be distributed.

3. Distribute them before your presentation if you want your audience to follow along as you speak.

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Tips on Using Handouts

4. Distribute them during your presentation if you have a reason for not wanting your audience to see the information until you are ready to talk about it.

5. Distribute them after your presentation if you want your audience to listen to you rather than read the material.

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Prepare a presentation of approximately 3-5 minutes on a topic of your own choice. Appendix A at the back of your Participant Manual contains a list of possible topics from which to choose if you need an idea.

Your task will be to:• Give an overview of the topic or address some individual aspect.• Prepare at least one visual aid to accompany your presentation.

Both members of the team will be expected to deliver a portion of the presentation, and the rest of the group will have an opportunity to provide you with verbal feedback using the observation sheets at the end of Tab 3 in your manual as a reminder of the skills for which you will be held accountable. There is also a copy of these sheets in Appendix B of the Participant Manual.

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