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PCV2 vaccination strategies

Jean-Bernard HERIN,Merial France

Agenda

• PCV2 characteristics• PCVD: the disease has changed over time• PCV2 control strategies

« How to optimize PCVD control according to what we currently know and the available

tools? »

PCV2 characteristics and image

• PMWS raised in 1995• PCV2 : a worrying virus…

– Stable and resistant virus / disinfection difficult – Found everywhere / unlikely to eradicate– Impact on piglet immunity and farmer’s revenue

• Still considered as a major threat by pig farmers

« What we currently know »

PCVD: 3 risk factors

• High PCV2 pressure in the herd• Poor passive immunity• Young age of piglets at exposure

Will lead to PCVD any time in the life of the pigs due to triggering co-factors

Courtesy: Dr K. Mc Cullough

Immunostimulation


Evolution of the disease

SporadicSporadic AcuteAcute ChronicChronic

In France Very rare ≈ 80% Quite all

1995-2002

Mortality PCVD

< 1 % Up to 35 % 5 to 15 %

Control measures None Management Medication

Genetic

Before 1995 Since 2002

Vaccination: sow/pigletsManagement Medication

Genetic


PMWS in 1995-2000


PCVD in 2005-2010


In pigs, has the disease changed? Yes

• Later – Move from postweaning to finishing period– Extended period for clinical signs– Mixed with other diseases

• Milder – Lower mortality, sometimes at a “residual” level– Less typical acute forms– Increased impact on performances (growth, homogeneity)

• Influenced by control measures applied since late 90’s – Management and hygiene improvement (MADEC’s rules)– Pig genetic lines(?)– Massive vaccination (sows and/or piglets)


Mortality rate in Brittany

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

5,5

6

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

%

% fattening period % post weaning period

Zootechnical measures, genetic changes and vaccination allowed to control PCVD

Data from GTE –GTTT : source IFIP- EDE Bretagne 2010

Sow vaccination

Piglet/Sow vaccination

Madec’s rulesGenetic

«How to control this changing disease»

ADWG (8 to 115 kg)

620

630

640

650

660

670

680

690

700

710

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

g/d

ADG 8-115

Growth performance improved with PCV2 vaccination

Sow vaccination

Piglet/Sow vaccination

Madec’s rulesGenetic

Data from GTE –GTTT : source IFIP- EDE Bretagne 2010


PCV2 vaccination challenges

• Limiting the impact of environmental risk factors and co infections (E.Coli,Lawsonia,Flu ,PRRS)

• Assessing the infectious dynamics at herd level (necropsy, IHC, serology, PCR)

• Optimizing the vaccination strategy


PCV2 Vaccination options

• Sow vaccination– Transmission of passive immunity

to offspring– Viral pressure decreased:

herd stabilization– Best ROI– Benefits on reproductive

parameters

– Long term impact: booster vaccination needed

– Passive immunity related to colostrum intake

– Interference between passive and active immunity

• Piglet vaccination– Active immunization before clinical

signs– Fast answer– « Demonstrative » vaccination

– Herd stabilization ?– One injection more– Cost– Need for combined vaccination

with Myco hyo

«Optimizing the vaccination strategy»

Possible synergy ?

« Assault program » : piglets vaccination

• Objective: – Fast protection of the piglets after 3 weeks of age

• Active immunization of piglets.• Target herds :

• post-weaning or fattening units with piglets from multi-origines,

• Farrowing units with bad colostral intake management.


« Complete program »: sow and piglets

• Objective: – Maximum security for the whole herd.

• Sow active immunization and passive of piglets, then relay with active immunization of piglets.

• Target situations : – Large size farm with management at risk,– Multiple co-infections, high pig density, – Stabilization needed during sow herd repopulation,– Optimization of reproductives performance


« Basic program » : sows

• Objective: – PCV2 herd protection with the best ROI of vaccination

• Active immunization of sows and passive of piglets.

• Target situations : – Improvement of piglet viability,– Good colostral intake management,– Introduction of naïves gilts,– Optimisation of reproductive performances,– Early form of PMWS,– Multiple co-infections in farrowing units.


Dynamics of the programsChoice of the program

COMPLETE program :Sow + piglets

Novaccination

BASIC program:Sow + gilts

ASSAULT program :piglets

ClinicalPMWS

SubclinicalSubclinicalPMWSPMWS

Demonstrative? (Show)vaccination

CoinfectionsBad colostrum intake

The best security

Better coinfections management To reduce vaccination costOptimal colotrum intake


Slaughter age (115 kg) /PCV2 vaccination program

199

193

180 179

165

170

175

180

185

190

195

200

205

Day

s

during PMWSAssaultBasicComplete

18 herds, 63 500 piglets

«Field results of Circovac programs »

Mortality rate / PCV2 vaccination program

Mortality

10,1

5,7 5,6

3,8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

%

Acute PMWSAssaultBasicComplete

***

**

***p<0,001 **p<0,05

18 herds, 63 500 piglets

«Field results of Circovac programs »

19

Baromètre 2010 de la Baromètre 2010 de la

Evolution of the PCV2 vaccinationEvolution of the PCV2 vaccination

33

35

21

15

19

21

16

14

2

2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

2010 (301 herds)

2009 (313 herds)

2007 (304 herds)

% of herds

Vaccination rate (%) Sow vaccination only (%)

Piglet vaccination only (%) Sow and/or piglet vaccination (%)

Evolution of the vaccination rate

PCV2 Vaccination farmer phone survey : 301 FTF herds PCV2– July – Aug 2010

21

(*) technical level evaluated by the number of weaned piglets/sow/year: bottom group less than 23 piglets, Average group between 23 and 27, top group more than 27.

PCV2 Vaccination farmer phone survey : 301 FTF herds PCV2– July – Aug 2010

Evolution of the vaccination rate

33,2

27

34,8

61,5

31

36,1

44

26,2

32

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Top group (*)

Average group (*)

Bottom group (*)

Other areas

Brittany

300 sows and +

200-299 sows

100-199 sows

Farrow-to-finish farms

Fréquence en % des éleveurs de chaque classe

Basic(Sow)

Assault(Piglets)

Complete(Sow+Piglets)

Gilts acclimatization

++ 0 ++(+)

Sow reproduction ++ 0 ++(+)

Post weaning ++ + ++(+)

Fattening +(+) ++ ++(+)

Vaccination cost 100 250-300 350-400

ROI 9 4 (3 or more !)

Expected benefits of the different programs

French exampleCIRCOVAC Programs

Brittany (Density,PRRSV and

SIV +++)

Other regions(Low density,PRRS and

FLU -)

300 sows FTF farms(1-2 FTE)

1. Assault2. Basic

Basic

Large multisite herds (600 to 2000 sows, FTF or FTW)(2-7 FTE, excellent performances needed, security

+++)

Complete(sow + piglets)

Basic

Collectives farrowing units(< 860 sows)(2-3 FTE, excellent performances needed, security

+++)

Assault (piglets) Or Complete if reproductive

problems

Basic if possible

Possible herd segmentation* in 2015

* Source : C Roguet IFIP – JRP 09

Conclusion

• It is essential to adapt the vaccinal program – epidemiology, – Farm by farm

CIRCOVAC®, 1st sow and piglet PCV2 vaccine: for a tailor-made protection in pigs farms

CIRCOVAC benefits…

• Thank you for your attention.

Health & Medicine

03 vaccinationstrategieslast herin