Latinos in the U.S. and Northeast Florida: A Demographic Overview

Dr. Judith C. Rodriguez, RD, University of North FloridaMr. Daniel Santibanez, MPH Candidate, University of North Florida

Feb. 25, 2005

This is part 1 of an 8 part series of seminars on Hispanic Health Issues brought to you by the University of North Florida’s Dept. of Public Health, College of Health, a grant from AETNA, and the cooperation of

Duval County Health Department. For more information or register for the seminars, please call 620-1289.

About Hispanics/Latinos…

• The largest minority group

• Hispanics are a young, fast growing population

• Larger families

• Lower high school graduation rates

• Self identity differs

Adapted from GM Bell Institute Hispanic Heart Health Presentation

U.S. Demographics of Hispanics

Total US Populatio

n

Puerto Rican 9% Cuban 4%

Central & South American 14%

Other Latino/Hispanic 7%

13.8%(2003)

Mexican 66.9%

US Census Bureau 2003

Adapted from GM Bell Institute Hispanic Heart Health Presentation

Regional Distribution

14%

33%

45%

8%• Puerto Rican• Dominican• Central

American • South

American

•Cuban•Central American•South American•Puerto Rican

•Mexican•Central American•South American

US Census Bureau 2003

http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12000.html; Health US 2004

U.S. Demographics - Indicators

US HispMedian age 38.7 35.4all % below poverty 12.1 21.8<18 % below poverty 16.3 28.2

U.S. Census Bureau, Population Survey, March 2000, PGP-4

About Latinos/Hispanics…

0 20 40 60 80 100

Population living inpoverty

High school graduationrate

Population under 18years old

Families with 5+ people

Non Hispanic Whites

Hispanics

Age

One-third of Hispanics are under age 18.

Among Hispanics, Mexicans have the largest proportion of people under age 18 (37 percent).

The Hispanic population is younger than the non-Hispanic White population.

U.S. Hispanic Population: 2002 Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5 US Census Bureau

6 4 2 0 2 4 6

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85+

Age Distribution by Sex and Hispanic Origin: 2002

6 4 2 0 2 4 6

Male Female FemaleMale

Hispanic Non-HispanicWhite

U.S. Hispanic Population: 2002 Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5 US Census Bureau

Note: Each bar represents the percent of the Hispanic (non-Hispanic White) population who were within the specified age group and of the specified sex.

Hispanic family households are more likely than non-Hispanic White family households to be maintained by a female with no spouse present.

Among Hispanic family households, Puerto Ricans have the largest proportion of households maintained by a female with no spouse present.

About half of Hispanics aged 15 years and older are married.

Family Households and Marital Status

U.S. Hispanic Population: 2002 Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5 US Census Bureau

Acculturation

Diversity: • Among native-born Latinos and those who are

fully fluent in English, views on a range of issues are often closer to those of non-Hispanics than to those who are foreign born or Spanish speakers

(Pew Hispanic Center and Kaiser Family Foundation Survey December 17, 2002)

Language• Overwhelming majority believe immigrants need to learn to

speak English – – Mex. (89%)

– Puerto Ricans (86%)

– Cubans (89%)

– Central Americans (94%)

– South Americans (89%)

– Salvadorans (94%)

– Dominicans (92%)

– Colombians (88%)

• 89% believe immigrants need to learn English to succeed.

Hispanic vs. Latino Survey by comScore Dec 2002, http://www.ahorre.com/archives/2004/09/hispanic_vs_lat_1.html

Discussion

Language barriers are an issue when working with the Hispanic population.

Is enough being done to provide bilingual or translation services by the city and health departments?  

How big of an issue is this in your work? 

Considering all viewpoints, what do you feel are steps that should be taken?

Values, Beliefs, Attitudes

• 29% (vs. 46% whites) – believe you can be more successful in an American workplace if you are willing to work long hours at the expense of your personal life

• Only 17% predominant Spanish vs. 45% predominantly English speakers voice this view (Similar between the foreign and the native born.)

Hispanic vs. Latino Survey by comScore Dec 2002, http://www.ahorre.com/archives/2004/09/hispanic_vs_lat_1.html

Identity

• 54% use country of origin for identifying themselves

• 24% say “Latino” or “Hispanic” is their first choice

• 21% say “American” is their preference

• 57% of Latinos with U.S.- born parents identify first as Americans

Hispanic vs. Latino Survey by comScore Dec 2002,http://www.ahorre.com/archives/2004/09/hispanic_vs_lat_1.html

Discrimination

• One in three (31%) Latinos report they or someone close to them has suffered discrimination in the past five years; more (45%) report experiencing more subtle forms

Hispanic vs. Latino Survey by comScore Dec 2002,http://www.ahorre.com/archives/2004/09/hispanic_vs_lat_1.html

Health

Variety of health belief systems impact health behaviors:

• Hot-cold theory of disease

• Germ theory and Western medicine

• Religion (fatalism, “God’s will,” etc.)

Important Trend Data

• Household income is growing

• Purchasing power is growing at triple the rate of the overall US population

• Children of Hispanic immigrants will be the largest contributing group in the next twenty years

http://www.ahorre.com/hispanicinfo.htm

Discussion

Are employers attempting to adjust to the growing numbers of Hispanics in the area?

What are some examples of diversity outreach in your fields?

Do you feel the pace is consistent with the growth in the area?

What are the obstacles? Solutions?

General Mills Bell Institute Hispanic Heart Health Presentation

Latino Population in Florida

Puerto Rican 18.0% Cuban 31%

Other Latino/Hispanic 37%

Mexican 14%

US Census Bureau Current Population Survey, March 2002

Total Florida 18.7%

(2003)

http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12000.html

Florida U.S.

Median household income, 1999 $38,819 $41,994

Per capita money income, 1999 $21,557 $21,587

Persons below poverty, percent, 1999 12.5% 12.4%

Foreign born persons, percent, 2000 16.7% 11.1%

Other lang spoken at home, % > 5yrs, 2000 23.1% 17.9%

High school graduates, % > 25yrs, 2000 79.9% 80.4%

Bachelor's degree or higher, % > 25yrs +, 2000 22.3% 24.4%

Demographics - Indicators

Florida Est. for Migrant and Seasonal Farm Workers (MSFW)

MSF Enumeration Profile Study, Larson Assistant Services, 2000 and Health Planning Council of N.E. Fla., Health Plan 2003-2006

Area MSFW and Household MembersBaker 31

Clay 24

Duval 1,372

Flagler 954

Nassau 52

St. John’s 1,051

Volusia 4,242

Florida 286,725

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTSearchMapFramesetServlet?_lang=en&PANEL_ID=p_qt_geo_map&errMsg=&_mapX=&_mapY=&_latitude=&_longitude=&_pageX=&_pageY=&_MapEvent=zoom&_zoomLevel=6&_pan=&_rem_geo=&_ts=125421892427&_changeMap=ZoomIn&_area=040

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTSearchMapFramesetServlet?_lang=en&PANEL_ID=p_qt_geo_map&errMsg=&_mapX=&_mapY=&_latitude=&_longitude=&_pageX=&_pageY=&_MapEvent=zoom&_zoomLevel=5&_pan=&_rem_geo=&_ts=125422075851&_changeMap=ZoomIn&_area=040

Duval County

• HISPANIC/LATINO Number   Percent

• Total population 778,879 100.0

• Hispanic/Latino 35,612 4.5

• Not Hispanic or Latino 746,933 95.9

Duval County

HISPANIC BY TYPE Number  PercentHispanic (any race) 31,946* 100.0• Mexican 6,398 20.0• Puerto Rican 11,485 36.0• Cuban 3,354 10.5• Other Hispanic or Latino 10,709 33.5• Dominican 610 1.9

* Estimated no. is on 2000 census but regarded as low. Current estimate about 60,000.

0.4-1.9%2.3-3.6%3.7-5.3%5.4-7.4%7.5-11.5%

Percent Hispanic/Latino*

* Mayor’s Planning Office

Central American (excl Mex) 1,713 5.4 Costa Rican 266 0.8 Guatemalan 177 0.6 Honduran 276 0.9 Nicaraguan 270 0.8 Panamanian 488 1.5 Salvadoran 174 0.5 Other Central American 62 0.2

Duval County

South American 2,154 6.7 Argentinean 123 0.4 Bolivian 57 0.2 Chilean 137 0.4 Colombian 964 3.0 Ecuadorian 205 0.6 Paraguayan 6 0.0 Peruvian 328 1.0 Uruguayan 25 0.1 Venezuelan 221 0.7 Other South American 88 0.3

Duval County

4.3%13.9%27.6%32.4%21.8%2.682,715Florida

3.3%12.4%24.6%34.1%25.6%29,111Volusia

3.0%11.7%30.4%29.9%25.1%3,244St.John

2.1%10.6%26.6%31.5%29.3%873Nassau

6.5%27.1%23.8%22.0%20.6%2,537Flagler

2.0%8.1%25.5%37.3%27.2%31,946Duval

1.9%8%26.5%33.8%29.8%6,059Clay

1.7%7.4%31.2%40.8%18.9%419Baker

PercentPercentPercentPercentPercent

75+55-7435-5415-340-14

Age Group (Years)Total Hisp. population

Area

Hispanic Population by Age Group, 2000

U.S. Census Summary Data Files and Health Planning Council of N.E. Fla., Health Plan 2003-2006

All other Hispanic or Latino

6,232 19.5

Spaniard 305 1.0 Spanish 1,049 3.3 Spanish American 127 0.4 Not elsewhere classified 4,751 14.9

Duval County

Discussion

Hispanics in Duval County currently make up 5% of the population.

How do you think this affects community workers and leaders’ attitudes toward Hispanics and towards ensuring they are provided with resources (i.e., language support, etc.)?

Local Information

For census data specific to your county access the U.S. Census Bureau’s

• State & County QuickFacts

http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/•http://factfinder.census.gov/

•City of Jacksonville Planning Office

Additional Census Information

• Current Population Reports series are offered annually by the U.S. Census Bureau. The most recent edition, The Hispanic Population in the United States: March 2002, Population Characteristics can be found at:

http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/p20-545.pdf

or

http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/hispanic.html