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CANCERRisk Factors By Dr Vikas Goswami
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IntroductionCancer may regarded as a group of diseases characterized by an Abnormal growth of cells Ability to invade tissue and even distant organs The eventually death of the affected patient if the tumor has progressed beyond the stage when it can be successfully removed.
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Major categories of cancerCarcinoma: Arises from the epithelial cells lining the internal surface of various organs (e.g. mouth, esophagus, uterus)
Sarcoma: Arises from the mesodermal cells constituting the various connective tissues (e.g. fibrous tissue, bone)
Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia: Arising from the cells of the bone marrow and immune system
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Cancer PatternsThere are lot of international variations in the pattern of cancer which are attributed to a number of factors such as:-
• Environmental factors • Food habit• Lifestyle • Genetic factor • Inadequacy in detection and reporting of cases
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Environmental FactorsTobacco: Tobacco in various forms of usage can cause cancer of lungs, larynx, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, bladder, pancreas and probably kidney Cigarette smoking is now responsible for more than 1 million death each year.
Alcohol: Excess intake of alcohol can cause esophageal and liver cancer Beer consumption may be associated with rectal cancer Alcohol contributes about 3 % of all cancer deaths.
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Dietary factors• Smoked fish is related to stomach cancer. • Dietary fiber to intestinal cancer .• Beef consumption to bowel cancer .• High fat diet to breast cancer .• Food additives and contaminants have fallen under suspicion as
causative agents.
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Occupational exposures• These includes exposure to benzene, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, vinyl
chloride, asbestos, polycyclic hydrocarbons, etc. • The risk of occupational exposure is said to be increased if the
individual also smokes cigarette • Occupational exposure is usually reported 1-5% of human cancer
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Virus• Hepatitis B & C - hepatocarcinoma • HIV infection – kaposi’s carcinoma • AIDS – non Hodgkin’s lymphoma • Epstein – bar virus – Burkitts lymphoma and naso – pharyngial
carcinoma • Cytomegalovirus – Kaposi’s Sa• Pappiloma virus – cervix cancer • Human T cell leukemia virus – T cell leukemia
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Virus• Hepatitis B & C - hepatocarcinoma • HIV infection – kaposi’s carcinoma • AIDS – non Hodgkin’s lymphoma • Epstein – bar virus – Burkitts lymphoma and naso – pharyngial
carcinoma • Cytomegalovirus – Kaposi’s Sa• Pappiloma virus – cervix cancer • Human T cell leukemia virus – T cell leukemia
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ParasiteParasite:• May be a cause of cancer • Schistosomiasis can produce Ca of bladder
Customs, habits and life style: • May be associated with an increased risk of cancer • Smoking and lung cancer • Tobacco and beetle chewing and oral cancer
Others:• Sunlight, radiation, water and air pollution, medication and pesticides
These are related to cancer as environmental factors
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Genetic factors• Genetic influences have long been suspected.• Retinoblastoma occurs in children of the same parent.• Mongols are more likely to develop leukemia.• There is probably a complex relationship between hereditary
susceptibility and environmental carcinogenic stimuli in the causation of cancer.
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Most common cancer • Lungs cancer (12.3%) • Breast cancer (10.4%) • Colorectal cancer (9.4%)• Respiratory tract cancer is most common site of cancer in India,
Indonesia, Srilanka and Thailand• Cancer of cervix is most common in India and Indonesia• Cancer associated with tobacco constitute 44.6% of cancer in men and
20% in female
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India…..• The four most common cancer in India are• Male-oropharynx, esophagus, stomach and lower respiratory tract• Female-breast, cervix, oropharynx and esophagus• Tabaco is used widely used in India91% cases of oropharynx is due to
Tabaco use • 60% cases in female are breast, cervix and ovary cancer.
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Thank You !!
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