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Aniruddha Belsare
Abi Tamim Vanak
Canine rabies and Human-Wolf conflict:
Preliminary investigations in rural Maharashtra
Study area
Three rural districts in Maharashtra• Solapur• Ahmednagar• Osmanabad
Criteria for village selection
• Reports of wolf attacksMedia-newspapersForest Department records
• Reports of ‘rabid’ dog attacksCivil hospital ARV treatment records
Wolf attacks: Ahmednagar District
• January 2008• February 2009- 3 cases (2 in Karjat taluka)
Past attacks in Ahmednagar District
• In 2001, 19 ‘fox’ (jackal) bite cases reported from Karjat taluka- 2 of the victims died exhibiting clinical signs indicative of rabies
• In 2005, 4 people were attacked by a jackal in Autewadi village (Karjat taluka)
Records from DCF (Solapur) office
• February 2005- wolf attack in Mohol• April 2005- ‘rabid’ wolf attack in Malshiras• July 2006- wolf attack in Pandharpur• October 2006- human death due to wolf
attack in Kumbhej• March 2007- 2 human deaths after wolf
attack in Karandevadi and Nandani• November 2007- wolf attack in Jamgaon
2008 Wolf attacks: Solapur District
• June 2008- Wolf in Solapur city• 9th June 2008- Bibidarfal village• 8th November 2008-Ropale village
Bibidarfal wolf attack
Rabid wolf attack pattern
• Wolf traveling over large distances• Biting a large number of people and
domestic animals• Usually a single day event
Opportunistic testing of wolves
• Could not test the wolves involved in Bibidarfal and Ropale attack- were killed and disposed by the villagers
• Wherever possible, we have discussed with the villagers as well as FD officials, the importance of using such opportunities to test suspected wolves (or dogs). Even dead animals can be tested…
Wolf captured in Solapur City-2008
Tested for rabies-negative
Anigen rabies antigen test
• Rabies testing using saliva from the animal• Dot ELISA test • Field test: takes 10 minutes• Can be used to test suspected cases, even
freshly killed animals can be tested
Rabies
• Spill-over from dogs?• Spill-back from wolves to dogs?• Dogs are abundant, mostly free-ranging and
unvaccinated• Canine rabies is endemic: 20,000 human
deaths every year in India due to rabies• But no organized surveillance of rabies in
India
No confirmed rabies cases
• Not a single laboratory confirmed case!• Even human rabies cases are diagnosed on
the basis of history and clinical signs, no post mortem confirmation -Rabies is not a reportable/notifiable disease in India
Indicators of canine rabies
• Dog bite injuries in the region• Incidence of canine rabies-reports of ‘rabid’
dogs• Confirmed rabies cases in dogs• Testing of dogs
Vaccination and rabies testing camps
• 8 vaccination camps• Saliva samples from
124 dogs• Meetings organized to
explain our objectives• Questionnaire survey
Vaccination camps
• Center-point vaccination camps
• House-to-house visits
Dog bite incidence data
• Dog-bite injury data has been used to detect canine rabies trends (Cleaveland et al., 2003)
• We have collected available data from three civil hospitals in the region
• Will include data analysis in the final report